CELL INCLUSIONS IN PROTOZOA 157 



on the oral side and the other on the aboral side, probably 

 correspond to the dorsal and ventral fibres ; secondly cytopharyn- 

 geal fibres, an anterior set to the anterior zone of membranelles 

 probably corresponding to the adoral fibres, and a posterior set to 

 the posterior end of the pharynx. This last is evidently the 

 generalised form of the circumoesophageal ring with its fibres to 

 the gullet. 



These discoveries in the Ciliata are of considerable importance, 

 not only from the morphological point of view, but also in the 

 consideration of behaviour and function in these highly organised 

 Protozoa. 



Several attempts have recently been made to establish the 

 homologies of the constant cell inclusions of the Metazoa in the 

 Protozoa. So far the results are not easy to harmonise, chiefly 

 owing to the great differences of organisation found in the various 

 classes of the Protozoa, and it is due also to the uncertaintv of the 

 specificity of Metazoan methods of demonstration in Protozoa. 



The homology of the Golgi bodies is a case in point. Duboscq 

 and Grasse have examined the so-called parabasal bodies of certain 

 Flagellata, principally those Trichonymphids found in Termites 

 in France (27, 28). They come to the conclusion that in appear- 

 ance of structure these bodies resemble the Golgi bodies of metazoa. 

 There is an elongated rod deeply impregnated by the classical 

 Golgi methods of osmium and silver accompanied by an 

 " idiosome " or chromophobe area on one side of it. When these 

 methods are employed it is worthy of note that only the parabasal 

 bodies are visible. The possibility of their being mitochondria is 

 explored, but what are taken to be true mitochondria are seen at 

 the same time by some methods as filamentous or granular 

 particles. They suggest that the parabasal bodies are a source of 

 energy (whether physical or chemical is not stated) which is 

 utilised by the flagellae. 



Gatenby and King (37) have described bodies in Opalina 

 ranarum which they compare both with the metazoan Golgi and 

 with the parabasal bodies of the Flagellata. These are osmiophil 

 and irregular in shape and lie at the base of the cilia, to whose 

 filaments they appear attached. Their function may here be 



