ALDEHYDE GREEN 



21 



ALTMANN'S METHOD 



Aldehyde Green (CI, 676a) — Aniline Green, 

 Benzaldehyde Green— a basic dye of 

 light fastness 4, employed as counter- 

 stain for Biebrich Scarlet, Acid Fuch- 

 sin. On xjdene and sclerenchyma gives 

 rather brighter shade than Alalachite 

 Green (Emig, p. 48). 



Alizarin (CI, 1027) a little used acid an- 

 thraquinone dye. 



Alizarin No. 6, see Purpurin. 



Alizarin Blue RBN, see Gallocyanin. 



Alizarin Carmine, see Alizarin Red S. 



Alizarin Cyanine R (CI, 1050), an acid mor- 

 dant dye which is not stable in solution, 

 and on heating yields reddish ppt. 

 (Emig, p. 64). 



Alizarin Green G (CI, 917), an acid mordant 

 dye of light fastness 1. After mor- 

 danting in 1% aq. ferric alum stain for 

 30 min. at 50°C. in 0.1 gm. of dye in 

 100 cc. 1% aq. ammonium acetate. 

 The green color obtained is the clearest 

 given bj" a mordant dye. Additional 

 diiections are supijlied (Emig, p. 59). 



Alizarin Line Test for new bone and vitamin 

 D (Martin, G. J., J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 

 1940, 26, 714-719) . See Line Test. 



Alizarin Purpurin, see Purpurin. 



Alizarin Red S (CI, 1034) — alizarin red 

 water soluble, alizarine carmine — Com- 

 mission Certified. By far the most used 

 of all the alizarin stains. An important 

 ingredient in Benda Method. Much 

 superior to Madder for the staining of 

 bone and dentine laid down while it is in 

 the circulation. Schour has employed 

 it extensively. The technique is de- 

 scribed in detail by him and his asso- 

 ciates (J. Dent. Res., 1941, 20, 411-418). 

 He employed an Alizarin red S (CI, 

 1034) obtained from Coleman and Bell 

 Co. The effective dose for rat, rabbit, 

 guinea pig, cat, monkey and human in- 

 fant is between 50-100 mg. per Kilo, 

 conditioned by species, age and weight. 

 For newborn white rats he recommends 

 0.2 cc. 2% Alizarin and for rats weighing 

 100-200 gms. ^-1 cc. given intraperi- 

 toneally. Colors are retained in speci- 

 mens fixed in 10% neutral formalin or in 

 95% ale. As in the case of Madder 

 staining of bone, tissues can be cleared 

 and examined as whole preparations, or 

 ground sections can be prepared for 

 microscopic study. Decalcification 

 spoils the color. Age factor in alizarin 

 staining (Ercoli, N. and Lewis, M. N., 

 Anat. Rec, 1943, 87, 67). See Ossifica- 

 tion and Line Test. 



Alizarin Red Water Soluble, see Alizarin 

 RedS. 



Alizarin Sapphire BN (CI, 1054) of NAC, a 

 direct mordant dye of light fastness 2 

 (Emig, p. 64). 



Alkali Blue 6 B (CI, 703), an acid dye of 

 light fastness 4 to 5 and of little value 



for permanent preparations (Emig, 

 p. 51). 



Alkali Green (CI, 665), an acid dye of light 

 fastness 5 gives very fugitive pale dull 

 green color (Emig, p. 47). 



Alkaline Methylene blue, see Loeffler's. 



Alkaline Phosphatase, sec Phosphatase 

 and Kidney. 



Alkalinity, see Hydrogen Ion Concentration. 



Allen's Fluids are modifications of Bouin's 

 often containing urea. They are excel- 

 lent for chromosomes. See McClung. 



Allergy, see Pollens. 



Alloxan Reaction. 1% alcoholic solution of 

 alloxan gives red color with a aminoacids. 

 Romieu (M., Bull. d'Hist. appl., 1925, 

 2, 185-191) employs a cold neutral solu- 

 tion. Giroud (A., Protoplasma, 1929, 

 7, 72-98) uses heat but states that great 

 care is necessary in interpretation. See 

 Lison, p. 129. 



This reaction is described as follows 

 by Serra, J. A., Stain Techn., 1946, 21, 

 5-18. Fix tissue as given under Nin- 

 hydrin Reaction. "An alcoholic 1% 

 solution of alloxan gives with amino 

 acids and proteic compounds a pink 

 coloration, after a long time at room 

 temperature, or rapidly if the reaction 

 is activated by heating in a boiling 

 water bath. In our experience, this 

 test is relatively insensitive; besides 

 this, the coloring formed diffuses 

 easily, so that the reaction can be in- 

 distinctlj'- localized. With fixed mate- 

 rials the reaction is weak. 



"The test must be carried out in 

 neutral solutions; this is attained by 

 addition of a phosphate buffer, as de- 

 scribed for the ninhydrin. This reac- 

 tion is not specific for amino acids and 

 proteins, as it is also given by com- 

 pounds with free NH2 and perhaps SH 

 groups (see Winterstein, 1933)." 



Altmann's Fluid. Equal parts of 5% aq. 

 potassium bichromate and 2% aq. osmic 

 acid. Employed in his method as well 

 as for staining with Copper Chrome 

 Hematoxylin. It gives good surface 

 fixation but penetrates very badly. 



Altmann's Method of anilin fuchsin and pic- 

 ric acid for mitochondria. Fix small 

 pieces not more than 2 mm. in diameter 

 24 hrs. in Altmann's Fluid. Wash for 



1 hr. dehydrate, clear imbed in paraffin 

 and cut sections 4^. Pass down to 

 water. Stain in anilin fuchsin (20% 

 acid fuchsin in anilin water) 6 min. 

 Blot with filter paper. Differentiate 

 and counter stain by flooding the sec- 

 tions with 1 part sat. ale. picric acid and 



2 parts aq. dest. Rinse rapidly in 95% 

 ale, dehydrate in abs. ale, clear in 

 xylol and mount in balsam. The mito- 

 chondria are stained crimson against a 

 bright yellow background. Altmann's 



