AURAMIN 



31 



AZURE TOLUIDIN BLUE 



It is one of the substances which arrests 

 mitosis in the metaphase, an action 

 which has been carefully studied by 

 Ludford, R. J., Arch. f. Exper. Zellf., 

 1935-6, 18, 411-441. Tubercle bacilli 

 treated with auramin give golden yellow 

 fluorescence (Hageman, P. K. H., 

 Munch. Med. Woch., 1938, 85, 1066). 



Aurantia (CI, 12)— imperial yellow— An 

 acid nitro dye employed in Champy- 

 Kull method. Aurantia is explosive 

 and it can cause severe dermatitis. 

 All those using it should be warned of 

 the danger. 



Aurin or rosolic acid (CI, 724). 



Autoradiography, see Radioactive Isotopes. 



Axenfeld Reaction. Giroud (A., Proto- 

 plasma, 1929, 7, 72-98) : Add to prepara- 

 tion few drops of formic acid, then 3-4 

 drops 0.1% aq. gold chloride and heat 

 slowly. A rose color appears, then vio- 

 let. Lison (p. 129) says that the reaction 

 is very little characteristic of proteins 

 since analogous reactions are given by 

 creatine, urea, uric acid, glycogen. Its 

 employment is contraindicated. 



Axis Cylinders. These are the cytoplasmic 

 cores of the nerve fibers. Mitochondria 

 can often be seen in them unstained 

 and after supravital coloration with 

 Janus Green. The best method to 

 demonstrate mitochondria in fixed tis- 

 sues is Anilin Fuchsin Methyl Green 

 after Regaud fixation. Silver methods 

 show Neurofibrils. Alzheimer's modi- 

 fication of Mann's eosin-methyl blue 

 method is recommended to show early 

 degenerative changes. De Renyi, G. S., 

 Cowdry's Special Cytology, 1932, 3, 

 1370-1402 has fully described use of 

 methods of microdissection. See Ama- 

 ranth. 



Azan Stain, see Heidenhain's. 



Azidine Blue SB, see Trypan Blue. 



Azidine Scarlet R, see Vital Red. 



Azins. Azin dyes are those formed from 

 phenazin. Two benzene rings are joined 

 by 2 nitrogen atoms forming a third ring. 

 Examples : amethj^st violet, azocarmine 

 G, indulin alcohol and water soluble, 

 Magdala red, neutral red, neutral violet, 

 nigrosin water soluble, phenosafranin, 

 safranin O. 



Azo Blue (CI, 463) — benzoin blue R and 

 direct violet B — This acid dis-azo dye 

 is one of those microinjected vitally 

 into cytoplasm against the nucleus of 

 amebae to ascertain whether the nucleus 

 can be vitally colored (Monne, L., 

 Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 1934-35, 

 32, 1197-1199). Butt, E. M., Bonynge, 

 C. W. and Joyce, R. L., J. Inf. Dis., 

 1936, 58, 5-9 report that azo blue can 

 be substituted for India ink in the nega- 

 tive demonstration of capsular zones 

 about hemolytic streptococci. 



Azo-Bordeaux, sec Bordeaux Red. 



Azocarmine G (CI, 828) — azocarmine GX, 

 rosazine, rosindulin GXF — This basic 

 azin dye is used in place of acid fuchsin 

 in Heidenhain's Azan stain. Azocar- 

 mine B is CI, 829. 



Azocarmine GX, sec Azocarmine G. 



Azo Dyes. Chromophore — N^N — uniting 

 naphthalene or benzene rings. See 

 Mono-azo, Dis-azo and Poly-azo Dyes. 

 Lipophilic substitutions in, and slight 

 curative effect claimed in tuberculosis 

 and leprosy (Bergmann, E., Haskelberg, 

 L. and Bergmann, F., J. Am. Chem. Soc, 

 1941,63,2243. 



Azo-fuchsin. Seven are recognized in the 

 Colour Index. Acid mono-azo dyes re- 

 lated to Bordeaux red and orange G. 



Azolitmin, see Hydrogen Ion Indicators. 



Azo Reaction for phenols. Formation of 

 azo color by action of diazonium salt on 

 tissue phenol (Lison, p. 140). See 

 Lison, L., C. Rend. Soc. de Biol., 1933, 

 112, 1237-1239). 



Azo Rubin, see Amaranth. 



Azure Dyes. These are basic thiazin stains 

 of great usefulness. The description 

 given by Conn (pp. 76-80) should be 

 consulted. It is here summarized. 

 Azure I (Giemsa) is a trade name for a 

 secret preparation apparently a variable 

 mixture of Azure A and B. Azure II 

 is an intentional mixture, in equal parts, 

 of Azure I and methylene blue. It is 

 the main constituent of Giemsa's stain. 



1. Azure A is asj'mmetrical dimethyl 

 thionin and has been Commission Certi- 

 fied for some time. It is considered as 

 the most important nuclear staining 

 component of polychrome methylene 

 blue by MacNeal, W. J., J. Inf. Dis., 

 1925, 36, 538-546. This dye has been 

 used as a nuclear stain following eosin 

 and after phloxine, see Phloxine-Azure 

 (Haynes, R., Stain Techn., 1926, 1, 

 68-69, 107-111). 



2. Azure B is the tri-methyl deriva- 

 tive of thionin. It is specified by 

 Jordan, J. H. and Heather, A. H., Stain 

 Techn., 1929, 4, 121-126 as a stain for 

 Negri bodies. Roe, M. A., Lillie, R. D. 

 and Wilcox, A., Pub. Health Reports, 

 1940, 55, 1272-1278 recommend its in- 

 clusion in Giemsa's stain. 



3. Azure C is mono -methyl thionin. 

 French, R. W., Stain Techn., 1926, 1, 

 79 has described a method for its use 

 followed by Eosin Y and orange II in 

 staining sections of formalin fixed mate- 

 rial; but Haynes, R., Stain Techn., 

 1927, 2, 8-16 doubts whether it is sig- 

 nificantly better than Azure A and 

 thionin. 



Azure Toluidin Blue.— Written by Dr. R. D. 

 Lillie, Division of Pathology, National 



