BLOOD VESSELS 



44 



BONE 



and their Responses. London: Shaw 

 & Sons, 1927, 322 pp.). 



But to microscopically examine all 

 the blood vessels of any particular organ 

 is not possible in the living state because 

 of lack of accessibility, thickness and 

 other mechanical obstacles. Resort is 

 therefore made to various devices for 

 viewing the vessels by themselves 

 unobscured by surrounding tissue. The 

 unwanted tissue is removed by corrosion 

 when the vessels are demonstrated by 

 Neoprene injection. It is simply 

 passed over when x-ray photographs 

 are examined after the vascular injec- 

 tion of radiopaque substances like 

 Bismuth Sulphate and Diotrast. It is 

 rendered transparent when the vessels 

 are filled with easily visualized materials 

 such as Carmine or Berlin Blue, or is 

 relatively colorless after their walls are 

 selectively stained by Janus Green, 

 Silver Citrate or Silver Chloride Di- 

 chlorfluoresceinate. See red lead and 

 glue method for blood vessels of nerves 

 (Epstein, J., Anat. Rec, 1944, 89, 65- 

 69). • 



Though the larger blood vessels are 

 too thick and cumbersome for micro- 

 scopic study in vivo, this is not so with 

 the smaller ones. Indeed excellent 

 moving pictures can be made of them. 

 A film entitled "Control of Small Blood 

 Vessels" by G. P. Fulton and P. R. 

 Lutz of Boston University is very help- 

 ful. The supravital method of studying 

 Nerve Endings with methylene blue 

 must be combined with careful dissec- 

 tions (Woollard, H. H., Heart, 1926, 13, 

 319-336) in order to gain an impression 

 of the innervation of blood vessels. See 

 Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Sinus- 

 oids, Venous Sinuses, Venules, Arterio- 

 venous Anastomoses, Veins, Vasa 

 Vasorum, Valves, Perfusion. See 

 Quartz Rod Technique. 

 Bodian Method. For staining nerve fibers 

 in paraffin sections (Bodian, D., Anat. 

 Rec, 1937, 69, 153-162; MacFarland, 

 W. E. and Davenport, H. A., Stain 

 Tech., 1941, 16, 53-58). The following 

 details of this very useful technique 

 have been supplied by Dr. J. L. O'Leary. 

 Fix by vascular perfusion, with 80% 

 alcohol containing 5% formol and 5% 

 acetic acid, or by immersion in 10% 

 formalin or Bouin's fluid. For boutons 

 terminaux, perfuse tissue with 10% 

 chloral hydrate and extract tissue with 

 alcohol for several weeks. Run paraffin 

 sections (15/i or less) to aq. dest. Place 

 in 1% Protargol (Winthrop Chemical 

 Co.) with 4-6 gms. of metallic copper 

 per 100 cc. (This can be used only 

 once.) Wash in redistilled water 1 

 change. Transfer for 10 min. to : hydro- 

 chinone, 1 gm.; sodium sulfite, 5 gm.; 



aq. dest., 100 cc. Wash in redistilled 

 vpater 1 change. Tone in 1% gold chlo- 

 ride with 3 drops of glacial acetic acid 

 per 100 cc, 5-10 min. Wash in re- 

 distilled water 1 change. If sections 

 do not have a light purple color place 

 in 2% oxalic acid until the entire section 

 has the slightest blue or purplish tinge. 

 Pour off as soon as tissue gets slightly 

 blue. Remove residual silver salts in 

 5% sodium thiosulfate 5-10 min. Wash, 

 dehydrate, clear and mount. Note: 

 the Coplin jars used must be cleaned in 

 Cleaning Fluid. The Bodian method 

 has been adjusted for the demonstra- 

 tion of melanin by Dublin, W. B., Am. 

 J. Clin. Path., 1943, 7 (Technical Sec- 

 tion), 127. 



Boedeker's Method, see Enamel matrix. 



Bollinger Bodies, see Borrel Bodies. 



Bone. A good account of methods is 

 provided by Shipley (McClung, pp. 

 344-352). Examination without decal- 

 cification involves the cutting and 

 grinding of thin sections. The instru- 

 ments used by dentists for the making 

 of sections of undecalcified teeth are of 

 the greatest service and should be pur- 

 chased or borrowed. If they are not 

 available Grieves' method for dental 

 tissues is suggested. In order to de- 

 termine the structure of bone with 

 organic material removed, Shipley ad- 

 vises cutting away all soft parts after 

 which the bone may or may not be split. 

 Place in tap water, or in a 2% aq. gelatin, 

 to which a loop full of culture of B. coli 

 has been added. After 5-6 days wash 

 in running water 24-48 hrs. in a stink 

 cupboard. This will dissolve and wash 

 away all organic material. Sterilize the 

 bone by boiling or immersion in alcohol. 

 Saw into sections, grind these to the 

 necessary thinness and polish. De- 

 hydrate in ether. Dry thoroughly and 

 mount in balsam. Routine examination 

 includes some method of fixation, de- 

 calcification and staining. Hematoxylin 

 and eosin are recommended, likewise 

 phosphomolybdic acid hematoxylin and 

 Mallory's connective tissue stain. 



For different structural components 

 special techniques are required. Bone 

 corpuscles may be isolated by putting a 

 thin section of bone in concentrated 

 nitric acid for a few hours to a day. 

 Then place the section on a slide, cover. 

 Pressure on the cover glass will squeeze 

 out ellipsoidal bone cells with their 

 processes (Shipley). Bone lamellae csm 

 be peeled off easily when decalcified 

 bone has been allowed to simmer in 

 water for several hours (Shipley). 

 Lacunae and canaliculi. The easiest 

 method is to impregnate sections of 

 ground bone with 0.75% aq. silver 

 nitrate for 24 hours. Wash, polish the 



