BRANDT'S 



47 



BUFFERS 



See Kaiser's glycerin jelly under gly- 

 cerin. 



Brazilin (CI, 1243) is a subsUxnce produced 

 from red wood of Brazil. Its formula 

 is like that of hematoxylin minus 1 

 hydroxyl group and in its use, as well 

 as its origin, it resembles hematoxylin. 

 Ripening may be required for both. 

 Thus we have an iron brazilin method 

 (Hickson, S. .1., Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 

 1901, 44, 469-471) and O'Leary's Bra- 

 zilin for myelin sheaths. See also 

 Brazilln-Wasserblau technique of 

 BensleJ^ 



Brazilin-Wa.sserblau for secretion ante- 

 cedents of thyroid gland (Bensley, R. 

 R., Am. J. Anat., 191G, 19. 37-54) as 

 described later by the Bensleys (p. 80) 

 is : To make up the Brazilin stain dis- 

 solve 0.05 gm. in a little aq. dest. with 

 aid of heat and add this to 100 cc. 1% 

 aq. phosphotungstic acid. Ripen by 

 addition of 2 drops hydrogen peroxide. 

 Solution should not be emplo}''ed after 

 3 days. Run paraffin sections of forma- 

 lin-Zenker fixed thyroids down to aq. 

 dest., mordant briefly in a fresh aq. 

 ammonium stannic chloride, and stain 

 in above solution 1 or more hrs. Wash 

 in water and treat for 1-5 min. with aq. 

 dest., 100 cc. -f- 1.0 gm. phosphomolyb- 

 dic acid and 0.2 gm. Wasscrblau (anilin 

 blue). Wash quickly in water, dehy- 

 drate in absolute alcohol, clear and 

 mount. See colors in R. R. Bensley's 

 plate. Nuclear chromatin, red; secre- 

 tion antecedents in pale blue droplets; 

 mitochondria, reddish-purple; connec- 

 tive tissue, blue; erythrocytes, orange- 

 red; etc. 



Brazilwood. The true brazilwood is of the 

 tree, Caesalpina echinata and its varie- 

 ties. It yields a dye stuff formerly 

 much used after an aluminum mordant 

 for fabrics, except silk, to which it gave 

 a bright red color. After potassium 

 bichromate as a mordant the color ob- 

 tained was purple red. The term 

 "brazil" is from the arable word 

 "braza" meaning fiery red. Leggett 

 writes that increased use of brazilwood 

 in Europe resulted from the delivery 

 of Asiatic braziUvood directly to Lisbon 

 made possible by Vasco da Gama's dis- 

 covery of an all water route from India 

 around the Cape of Good Hope and, 

 further, that three years later a Portu- 

 guese expedition bound for India missed 

 the mark and landed on the north east- 

 ern bulge of South America where the 

 voyagers found many brazilwood trees 

 so they called the land "Terra de 

 Brazil" (Leggett, W. F., Ancient and 

 Medieval Dyes, Brooklyn: Chemical 

 Publishing Co., Inn., 1944, 95 pp.). 



Breast, see Mammary Glands. 



Brilliant Alizarin Blue (CI, 931), a basic dye 

 of light fastness 3 to 4. Gives darker 

 color than New Methylene Blue (Emig, 

 p. 61). 



Brilliant Blue C, see Brilliant Cresyl Blue. 



Brilliant Congo R, see Vital Red. 



Brilliant Congo Red R, see Vital Red. 



Brilliant Cresyl Blue (CI, 877)— brilliant 

 blue C, cresyl blue 2RN or BBS- 

 Commission Certified. This basic oxa- 

 zin dye is used for making Platelet 

 Counts and for many other purposes. 



Brilliant Dianil Red R, sec Vital Red. 



Brilliant Fat Scarlet B, see Sudan R. 



Brilliant Green (CI, 662) — diamond green, 

 ethyl green, malachite green G, solid 

 green JJO — Commission Certified. This 

 di -amino tri -phenyl methane dye is used 

 to color culture media. 



Brilliant Pink B, see Rhodamlne B. 



Brilliant Ponceau G, see Ponceau 2R. 



Brilliant Purpurin R (CI, 454). An acid 

 dis-azo dye. Conn (p. 62) says that 

 this is the dye which Gutstein, M., Zeit. 

 f. Ges. Exp. Med., 1932, 82, 479-524 

 called "brilliant purpur R" and used as 

 a vital stain for yeasts. 



Brilliant Vital Red. Use in determination of 

 plasma volume is justified, since the dye 

 is not taken into the erythrocytes (Gre- 

 gersen, M. I., and Schiro, H., Am. J. 

 Physiol., 1938, 121, 284-292). See Vital 

 Red. 



Brilliant Yellow (CI, 364), an acid dis-azo 

 dye of light fastness 3 apparently of 

 little use as a stain for paraffin sections. 

 In acid solutions colors resinous tissues 

 bright yellow, and in alkaline solutions, 

 blue-green algae a clear yellow (Emig, 

 p. 39). 



Bromcresol Green. See Hydrogen Ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Bromcresol Purple. See Hydrogen Ion In- 

 dicators. 



Bromine. According to Lison (p. 110) 

 bromine has not been investigated histo- 

 chemically in animal tissues. For its 

 detection in plants consult Mangenot, 

 H. G., Bull. d'Hist. Appl., 1927, 4, 

 52-71. 



Bromphenol Blue. See Hydrogen Ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Bromphenol Red. See Hydrogen Ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Bromthymol Blue. See Hydrogen ion Indi- 

 cators. 



Brown Salt R, see Chrysoidin Y. 



Brownian Movement. Calculation of cyto- 

 plasmic viscosity through measurement 

 of displacement of particles in Brownian 

 movement gives results not very differ- 

 ent from determinations by the centrif- 

 ugation method (Danielli in Bourne, 

 p. 31). 



Buffalo Garnet R, see Erie Garnet B. 



Buffers. For many purposes it is essential 

 to use solutions buffered at a certain pH. 



