CARTILAGE 



56 



CELL CLASSIFICATION 



The specific staining of cartilage cells 

 with crystal violet has been reported by 

 Hass, G. M., Arch. Path., 1942, 33, 

 174-181. The characteristic basophilia 

 of the ground substance is the basis for 

 the following excellent method for the 

 demonstration of cartilage in whole 

 mounts. 



Van Wijhe's methylene blue (Noback, 

 G. J., Anat. Rec, 1916-17, 11, 292-294). 

 This, by demonstrating cartilage in blue 

 in transparent whole mounts, supple- 

 ments very nicely the vital coloration of 

 growing bone by Madder feeding or 

 Alizarin injections. Use embryos, or 

 bones of young animals like rats or mice, 

 long bones, ribs, chrondocranium, etc. 

 Fix in 10% formalin a day or more. 1% 

 hydrochloric acid in 67% alcohol several 

 days or a week. Same solution + 0.25% 

 methylene blue or toluidin blue 1 or 2 

 weeks until thoroughly stained. De- 

 colorize in Acid Alcohol. Change alco- 

 hol when it becomes much colored or 

 every 1 or 2 days. Continue until only 

 the cartilage retains deep blue color. 

 Wash several days in 82% ale. Dehy- 

 drate in 95% and abs. Equal parts abs. 

 and benzene. Benzene change twice. 

 Leave in this or mount in xylene damar 

 which is better than balsam because of 

 its light color. 



Cartilaginous Skeleton of mammalian fe- 

 tuses. A modification of the Wijhe. 

 Lundvall and Schultze techniques used 

 in the Department of Embryology, 

 Carnegie Institution of Washington is 

 given by Miller, C. H., Anat. Rec, 

 1921, 20, 415-419. Wash formalin fixed 

 material over night in water plus few 

 drops ammonia. Transfer to 70% alco- 

 hol and leave 7-14 days changing alcohol 

 daily for first five. Stain for 3-10 days 

 in: toluidin blue (Grubler), 1 gm.; 

 70% alcohol, 400 cc. ; and hydrochloric 

 acid, 4 cc. Decolorize for 7-10 days 

 until decolorizer is but slightly tinged 

 with the dye in: 70% alcohol, 100 cc. 

 plus hydrochloric acid, 1 cc. Then 80% 

 and 95% alcohol, 3 days each. Transfer 

 to 2% potassium hydroxide, in aq. 

 dest. and leave 2-3 days until cleared. 

 Change to 20, 40, 60, and 80% glycerin 

 in aq. dest. 2 days or more in each. 

 Store or mount in pure glycerin plus few 

 crystals of thymol. Obviously length 

 of times depends chiefly upon size of 

 specimen. This staining of cartilage 

 with toluidin blue can be combined with 

 the coloration of bone with Alizarin 

 Red S to make very contrasty prepara- 

 tions (Williams, T. W., Stain Techn., 

 1941,16,23-25). 



Carycinel Red is 1-amylaminoanthraqui- 

 none, an oil soluble dye, recommended 

 by Lillie, R. D. Stain Techn., 1945, 20. 

 73-75 as a stain for fat which it colors 



deep red. Employ as described for 

 Coccinel Red. 



Caryospora, see Coccidia. 



Caspersson, see Absorption Spectra. 



Caseation (L. caseus, cheese). This change 

 follows local Necrosis. It is charac- 

 terized by grayish or light yellow cheesy 

 masses of tissue which look amorphous 

 and have lost their original structure. 

 Identification is morphological. Almost 

 any good staining method is satisfactory. 

 In some cases fibrin is present. 



Catalase. Method for demonstration in 

 elementary bodies of vaccine virus 

 (Macfarlane, M. G., and Salaman, M. 

 H., Brit. J. Exp. Path., 1938, 19, 184; 

 Hoagland, C. L. et al., J. Exp. Med., 

 1942, 76, 163-173). 



Cataphoresis. Most solid particles sus- 

 pended in water move under electric 

 stress. A positively charged one moves 

 toward the cathode and a negatively 

 charged one toward the anode. Micro- 

 cataphoretic cells 8Te employed to de- 

 termine and measure the movement 

 which obviously has an important 

 bearing on bacterial agglutination. 

 Electrophoresis is a better term than 

 cataphoresis. (Holmes, H. N. in Glas- 

 ser's Medical Physics, 257-263) see 

 Coagulation. 



Cataract, see Optic Lens. 



Cathepsin. A method for analysis of 

 cathepsin in lymphocytes and poly- 

 morphonuclear leucocytes (neutro- 

 philes) is given by Barnes, J. M., Brit. 

 J. Exp. Path., 1940, 21, 264-275. 



Cedar Oil, see Clearing and Mounting. 



Celestin Blue B (CI, 900)— coreine 2R— A 

 basic quinone-imine dye employed by 

 Proescher, F. and Arkush, A. S., Stain 

 Techn., 1928, 3, 28-38 and by Lendrum, 

 H. C, J. Path. & Bact., 1935, 40, 415- 

 416 as a nuclear stain. 



Cell Classification according to manner of 

 life. Intermitotic cells live from the 

 mitosis which gives them birth to the 

 mitosis by which they divide to produce 

 two other cells. They thus cease life as 

 individuals by division not by ageing, 

 degeneration and death. There are 2 

 kinds of intermitotic cells: First, the 

 vegetative intermitotics some of which 

 continue a sort of vegetative life con- 

 stituting a reservoir of undifferentiated 

 cells on which the body can draw in 

 some cases as long as it lives. They are 

 found in the epidermis bone marrow 

 and other places. Second, the diflfer- 

 entiating intermitotics, which exist in 

 series, one building up a certain degree 

 of differentiation, which, when it di- 

 vides, it passes on to its daughter cells. 

 The progeny of these daughter cells 

 differentiate still further and pass on 

 this higher level of specialization to 

 their successors. Good examples are 



