CENTROSOMES 



60 



CHAMPY'S FLUID 



fixation in a Sublimate Acetic, or Sub- 

 limate Alcohol Acetic, and of staining 

 the sections 24 hours in a dilute aq. sol. 

 of Bordeaux red or of anilin blue fol- 

 lowed by iron hematoxylin in the usual 

 way. The ceutrosomes are stained 

 black or gray with a tinge of red or blue. 

 In glandular epithelial cells look for 

 them in the cytoplasm between the 

 nucleus and the lumen. 



To reveal centrosomes in non-dividing 

 nerve cells is difficult, probably because 

 they are seldom present. Hatai (S., 

 J. Comp. Neurol., 1901, 11, 25) was able 

 to stain them in certain nerve cells of 

 adult rats. He fixed in sat. mercuric 

 chloride in formalin, 30 cc; glacial 

 acetic acid, 50 cc. and physiological salt 

 solution, 15 cc. for 6-12 hrs., then 

 washed, 4-5 hrs. in running water, im- 

 bedded in paraffin, stained in sat. aq. 

 toluidin blue or thionin, dehydrated, 

 cleared and mounted the sections. Rio 

 Hortega (P., Trab. Lab. Invest. Biol. 

 Univ. Madrid, 1916,14, 117)has obtained 

 beautiful silver preparations of centro- 

 somes. Addison (McClung, p. 469) ad- 

 vises fixation in Flemming's Fluid or in 

 Allen's chromic-urea modification of 

 Bouin's Fluid followed by staining with 

 Heidenhain's Iron Hematoxylin. 



A detailed investigation of the effects 

 of a great many fixatives on the mitotic 

 figure in chaetopterus eggs has been 

 made by Fry (Fry, H.J. Biol. Bull., 1933, 

 65, 207-237). He concluded (1) that 

 acetic acid, picric acid, formaldehyde 

 and alcohol and certain combinations of 

 them are most useful as fixatives (2) 

 that anesthetics like chloroform and 

 ether and inorganic fixatives are to be 

 avoided; (3) that the fixatives must be 

 diluted to about 10% of the original con- 

 centration with aq. dest. or better with 

 sea water. Comparable information for 

 human tissues is lacking. 



Cephalin, a phosphatide, is a compound of 

 phosphoric acid, glycerol, 2 fatty acid 

 molecules and amino ethyl alcohol. It 

 differs also from lecithin in being only 

 very slightly soluble in alcohol, see 

 Lipoids. 



Cerasin R, see Bordeaux Red. 



Cerasin Red, see Sudan III, 



Cerebrosides are galactosides, that is com- 

 pounds of fatty acid, galactose and 

 sphingosine, without phosphorus, sol- 

 uble in benzene, pyridine and hot 

 alcohol and almost insoluble in ether, 

 see Lipoids. 



Cerebrospinal Fluid. Total cell count is 

 best made in a Fuchs-Rosenthal count- 

 ing chamber. In making smears for 

 the differential count it may be neces- 

 sary first to add a little albumin fixa- 

 tive to the slides to get the cells to 



stick (C. J. Lind in Simmons and Gentz- 

 kow, p. 91). 



Ceresin Imbedding. Ceresin is purified 

 ozokerite, a mixture of hydrocarbons, 

 with melting point 61-78 °C. used as a 

 substitute for beeswax and for other 

 purposes. Waddington, C. H. and 

 Kriebel, J., Nature, 1935, 136, 685 ad- 

 vise for hard objects like feathers addi- 

 tion of ceresin to a paraffin of slightly 

 lower melting point than that usually 

 employed. The whole, when cooled, has 

 a very fine te.xture. See the methyl 

 benzoate celloidin ceresin method of 

 'Espinasse for imbedding hard objects 

 in a suitable condition for sectioning as 

 described by Lee (p. 96) and Waterman, 

 H. C, Stain Techn., 1939, 14, 55-62. 

 Ceresin can be obtained from Shell Oil 

 Co., melting point, 82-85°C. 



Cerium, see Atomic Weights. 



Ceroid. Fluorescent material in experi- 

 mental nutritional cirrhosis, technique 

 for: Popper, H., Gyorgy, P. and Gold- 

 blatt, H., Arch. Path., 1944, 37, 161. 



Cerotine Ponceau 3B, see Sudan IV. 



Cerulein MS (CI, 783) — Anthracene Green, 

 Coerulein MS — a mordant dye of light 

 fastness 3 to 4 gives unsatisfactory 

 coloration of animal tissues. Direc- 

 tions for plants (Emig, p. 55). 



Cesares-Gil flagella stain evaluated, 

 Thatcher, L. M., Stain Techn., 1926, 

 1, 143-144. 



Cesium, spectrographic analysis of, in 

 retina (Scott, G. H. and Canaga, B., 

 Jr., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 1939, 

 40, 275). 



Cestoda, see Parasites, Taenia. 



Cevitamic Acid, see Vitamin C. 



Champy-KuU's Method of anilin fuchsin, 

 toluidine blue and aurantia for mito- 

 chondria. Fix in Champy's fluid (3% 

 potassium bichromate, 7 cc. ; 1% chromic 

 acid, 7 cc. ; 2% osmic acid, 4 cc.) 24 hrs. 

 Wash in aq. dest. Place in pyrolig- 

 neous acid, 1 part and 1% chromic acid, 



2 parts 20 hrs. Wash aq. dest. 30 min.; 

 mordant 3% aq. potassium bichrom.ate, 



3 days. Wash running water 24 hrs., 

 dehydrate, clear, imbed and section 

 at 4/i. Remove paraffin from sections. 

 Stain with anilin acid fuchsin (acid 

 fuchsin 10 gms., anilin water 100 cc.) 

 heated over spirit lamp and allow to cool 

 6 min. Rinse in aq. dest. Counter- 

 stain in 0.5% aq. toluidine blue 1-2 min. 

 Rinse in aq. dest., then 0.5% aurantia in 

 70% alcohol 20-40 sec. Differentiate in 

 95% alcohol, dehydrate, clear and 

 mount. Mitochondria red, nuclei blue 

 and ground substance j'^ellow. 



Champy's Fluid is 3% potassium bichro- 

 mate, 7 parts ; 1% chromic acid, 7 parts ; 

 and 2% osmic acid, 4 parts. It is an 

 excellent fixative for cytologic details. 



