FUNGI 



105 



GAMMA 



the following gives good results with 

 paraffin sections of formalin or Zenker 

 fixed tissue. Stain in alum-hematoxy- 

 lin, 3-5 min.; wash in water; stain in 

 a 2.5% aq. phloxine or 5% aq. eosin, 

 15 min. in the paraffin oven; wash in 

 water; stain in Anilin Crystal Violet 

 (try Stirling's), 5-15 min.; wash in 

 water; treat with Gram's Iodine solu- 

 tion, 1 min.; wash in water and blot 

 with filter paper; differentiate in 

 several changes of anilin until no more 

 color comes off; rinse in several changes 

 of xylol and mount in balsam. The 

 branched organisms stain blue while 

 the hyaline sheaths ("clubs") become 

 pink to red. 



After the fungi have been successfully 

 cultivated on the various mediums 

 recommended (Moore, M., Arch. 

 Dermat. & Syph., 1936, 34, 880-886) 

 they can be examined microscopically 

 by transferring part of the growth with 

 a sterile platinum or ni chrome wire to 

 a clean slide. This should be done 

 gently to avoid destruction of the 

 fungous growth. The fungus is teased 

 apart gently in one of several fluids 

 such as water, alcohol, alcohol and 

 glycerine (equal parts) or other mount- 

 ing fluids. Water has a high surface 

 tension and causes disruption of the 

 growth; while alcohol evaporates rap- 

 idly and must be replaced. The 

 following solution serves well : 2% 

 potassium acetate, 50 cc; glycerin, 20 

 cc; and 95% alcohol, 30 cc. The 

 preparation is examined with reduced 

 light. The preparations may be stained 

 using one of the several methods listed : 

 lactophenol-cotton blue ; methylene 

 blue-glycerin; or Giemsa-glycerin. See 

 Chorioallantoic Membrane, Actino- 

 mycetes. 



Furfural. Has een suggested but is not 

 recommended as substitute for formal- 

 dehyde (Stowell, R. E. and Stokes, 

 J. M., J. Tech. Meth. and Bull. In- 

 ternal. Assoc. Med. Museums, 1944, 24, 

 25-30). 



Fuscin (L.fuscus, dusky), a dusky pigment 

 of retinal epithelium usually present 

 in crystalline formations made up of 

 albuminous cores, which determine 

 their shape, plus the adsorbed fuscin 

 material. A relationship to melanin 

 is debated but the pigment is very 

 resistant to chemical attack. It can, 

 however, be bleached completely when 

 exposed to light in vitro. For details 

 see Arey, L. B. in Cowdry's Special 

 Cytology, 1932, 3, 1218. 



Fustics. "Young" fustic is a stain obtained 

 from the smoke tree, Rhus coiinus of 

 West Indies and South America giving 

 colors from bright yellow to dark olive 

 now seldom used by dyers. "Old" fus- 



tic is obtained from a tree of the mul- 

 berry family, Chlowphora tinclora, 

 which grows in the same countries. It 

 is chiefly employed for woolens giving 

 shades of lemon and old gold (Leggctt, 

 W. F., Ancient and Medieval Dyes. 

 Brooklyn: Chemical Publishing Co. 

 Inc., 1944, 95 pp.). 



Gadolinium see Atomic Weights. 



Gallein (CI, 781), a mordant dye of light 

 fastness 1. Use as solution 0.5 gm. in 

 100 cc. of either 1% aq. ammonium 

 acetate or 0.1% sulphuric acid. Small 

 invertebrates should be previously 

 mordanted, 30 min. in 1% aq. ferric 

 ammonium sulpha, e and rinse in aq. 

 dest. before staining for 1 to 2 min. in 

 the solution at 50°C. Color blue black. 

 If copper sulphate is employed for mor- 

 dant color is hematein purple. In 

 paraffin sections of animal tissues nuclei 

 color blue black in 15 to 20 sec. at 50°C. 

 Directions are also given for plant tis- 

 sues and Blue-green algae (Emig, p. 

 54-55). 



Gallium, see Atomic Weights. 



Gallocyanin (CI, 883)— alizarin blue RBN, 

 chrom blue GCB, fast violet — A basic 

 oxazin dye which is an excellent stain 

 for nuclei and Nissl substance (Einar- 

 son, L., Am. J. Path., 1932, 8, 295-307). 

 This method is for celloidin sections 

 and has achieved considerable popu- 

 larity. Almost any good fixative ap- 

 pears to be satisfactory. The author 

 used 96% alcohol, Zenker's fluid, neutral 

 formalin 1 part -\- 4 parts aq. dest. and 

 several others. He suggests double 

 imbedding first in celloidin followed by 

 soft paraffin (see Peterfi) but in this 

 laboratory the usual method of celloidin 

 imbedding is used. To make the stain, 

 dissolve 10 gms. chrome alum (K2S04- 

 Cr2S04-24H20) in 200 cc. aq. dest. 

 Add 0.3 gms. gallocyanin and mix 

 thoroughly. Warm slowly and boil for 

 20 min. Cool gradually and filter. 

 First rinse 50m sections in aq. dest. 

 Stain, 12-24 hrs. agitating. Aq. dest., 

 1 change. 80% alcohol, agitate occa- 

 sionally. 95% alcohol, 1 hr.; absolute 

 alcohol, 15 min. Half absolute and 

 ether sufficient time to dissolve 

 celloidin. Absolute alcohol enough to 

 remove ether. Transfer to white oil 

 of thyme to clear, carrying over a 

 minimum of alcohol. Toluol a few 

 minutes. Mount in clarite X. Note: 

 the oil of thyme comes from Greece and 

 is not at present obtainable. Use cedar 

 oil instead. The above method gives 

 beautifully stained Nissl bodies in 

 thick sections. If thin sections are 

 wanted imbed in hard paraffin. 



Gamma = 



1 

 1000 



mg. or 0.001 mg. 



