GOLD 



110 



GOLGI APPARATUS 



of Borchardt. Modified by Michaelis, 

 O., Biochem. Zeit., 1930, 225, 478-488. 

 Treat sections of formalin or alcohol 

 fixed tissues for 15 min. in a boiling 

 water bath or for 12-24 hrs. at 40 °C. 

 with 5% aq. silver nitrate. Remove 

 ppt. from section with 20% aq. nitric 

 acid. Gold appears as black granules 

 (Lison, p. 100). 



2. Method of Okkels, H., C. rend. 

 Soc. Biol., 1929, 102, 1089-1091. Simply 

 produce gold salt in sections by exposing 

 for at least 12 hrs. to sunlight or to 

 ultraviolet lamp for same time (Gau- 

 thier-Villars, P., C. rend. Soc. de Biol., 

 1932, 109, 197-198). Lison (p. 100) 

 explains that whatever the technique 

 used it is necessary to prove that the 

 black granules are gold by their insolu- 

 bility in concentrated acids, solubility 

 in aqua regia (equal parts nitric and 

 hydrochloric acids) and solubility in 

 solutions of potassium or sodium cya- 

 nide. 



3. Method of Roberts, W. J., Bull. 

 d'Hist. Appl., 1935, 12, 344-361. Fix 

 tissues in 20% neutral formalin or in 

 Bouin's fluid. Avoid fixatives contain- 

 ing a metal. Wash thoroughly in water. 

 Make paraffin or frozen sections. The 

 latter has the advantage of speed. Make 

 2 solutions : A. Add 2 gm. silver nitrate 

 pure for analysis to 100 cc. 10% gum 

 arabic in the dark immediately before 

 use. B. Add 1 gm. hydroquinone pure 

 to 100 cc. 10% gum arabic the day before 

 use. Take off the frozen sections in aq. 

 dest. Mix 2 cc. A and 2 cc. B, add 1-3 

 drops 5% citric acid, shake 30 sec. 

 Leave sections in this mixture 5-10 

 min. Then without first washing plunge 

 into 5% aq. sodium hyposulphite for a 

 few minutes. Wash thoroughly and 

 mount. Gold in cells is covered with 

 black deposit of reduced silver. Said 

 to be more sensitive method than 

 spectrographic analysis. See author's 

 illustrations. 



4. A technique for demonstration 

 of gold in abs. ale. or neutral formalin 

 fixed tissues, based upon reaction with 

 p - Dimethylaminobenzylidenrhodanin 

 is described by Okamoto, K., Akagi, 

 T. and Mikami, G., Acta. Scholae 

 Med. Univ. Imp. in Kioto, 1939, 22, 

 373-381. 



5. Tin chloride method (Elftman, H. 

 and Alice G. Stain Techn., 1945, 20, 

 59-62. After rats and guinea pigs are 

 injected intraperitoneal!}' with aqueous 

 yellow gold chloride fix by injection of 

 neutral formalin through heart. Make 

 paraffin sections. Pass down to water 

 in usual way. Place slides in mixture 

 of 10 parts stock 5% aq. SnCli -21120 

 (with some pieces metallic tin added to 



retard oxidation) and 1 part cone. HCl 

 (mixture prepared and filtered just be- 

 fore use) in incubator at 56°C. for 24 

 hrs. Wash several changes aq. dest. 

 laefore dehydrating clearing and mount- 

 ing in damar. Presence of gold indi- 

 cated by particles exhibiting purple of 

 Cassius grading into brown. Colloidal 

 gold in red, blue and black may likewise 

 occur. To eliminate disadvantages of 

 occasional precipitates of tin unrelated 

 to gold and possible confusion with bile 

 pigments and others the following tech- 

 nique is proposed by these authors. 



6. Fix in neutral formalin, bring down 

 mounted sections to water. Place in 

 3% H2O2 in incubator at 37°C. for at 

 least 24 hrs. better 3 days. Wash in aq. 

 dest. Run up and mount in damar. 

 Gold thus reduced to metallic form 

 shows range of colors, rose chiefly grad- 

 ing into purple, blue and black. 



7. Christeller, E., Verh. deutsch. 

 Path. Ges., 1927, 22, 173 reports, as de- 

 scribed bv Gomori, G., J. ]\It. Sinai 

 Hosp., 1944-45, 11, 317-326, demonstra- 

 tion of gold salts by reduction to metal- 

 lic gold with SnCls. Similar to No. 5. 



8. For micro-determination of gold 

 in biological fluids and tissues, see 

 Block, W. D., Ann. Rheumatic Dis., 

 1944-45, 4, 39-42. Use of this tech- 

 nique provides a good check on above 

 described microchemical methods. 



Gold Chloride for nerve endings, see 

 Craven's and Carey's methods. 



Gold Orange, see Orange II. 



Gold Orange MP, see Methyl Orange. 



Gold Particles. The particles of gold are 

 held in colloidal state by the protective 

 colloid, sodium lysalbinate, and are 

 employed to stimulate macrophage pro- 

 duction by intravenous injections in 

 animals (Simpson, M. J., J. Med. Res., 

 1922,43, 77-144). 



Golgi Apparatus (reticular material). The 

 following account is partly based on 

 Cowdry's description in McClung (pp. 

 274-278). Wliile there is so little agree- 

 ment as to just what the Golgi apparatus 

 is, it is difficult to describe the technique 

 for its demonstration. What may, how- 

 ever, be regarded as the "type struc- 

 ture" was first revealed by Golgi (Arch, 

 di biol., 1898, 19, 448-453) in nerve cells 

 through fixation in a mixture containing 

 potassium bichromate and osmic acid 

 followed by impregnation with silver. 

 The apparatus appears jet black against 

 a yellowish background. It is a conspic- 

 uous structure consistingof an intricate 

 network of anastomosing strands. This 

 network may closely envelop the nu- 

 cleus, be concentrated to one side of it, 

 or else be scattered rather diffusely 

 throughout the cytoplasm. 



