HISTOSPECTROGRAPHY 



120 



HYALURONIC ACID 



Pillet, P. and Tillie, H., Bull. d'Hist. 

 Appl., 1938, 15, 99-109). MacCardle, 

 R. C, Engman, M. F., Jr. & Sr., Arch. 

 Dermat. and Syph., 1941, 44, 429-440 

 have employed histospectrography lo 

 advantage in determination of skin 

 magnesium See Absorption Spectra. 



Hodgkin's Disease, see Reed-Sternberg 

 Cells. 



Hofmann's Violet (CI, 679)— dahlia, iodine 

 violet, primula R water soluble, red 

 violet, violet R, RR or 4RN — Conn 

 (p. 120) says above names are applied 

 rather indiscriminately to stains varying 

 in shade from methyl violet to basic 

 fuchsin which are mixtures of methyl- 

 ated and ethylated rosanilins and 

 pararosanilins having less than 5 methyl 

 or ethyl groups. He further remarks 

 that a mixture of basic fuchsin and 

 methyl violet of the color desired may 

 perhaps be made by the worker himself 

 as a substitute for Hofmann's violet 

 which is in fact the composition of some 

 samples sold as Dahlia and Hofmann's 

 violet. 



Holmium, see Atomic Weights. 



Hookworms. To eliminate opacity in 

 mounts of, see Tahmisian, T. N., Stain 

 Techn., 1945, 20, 26. 



Hormones. Consult volume entitled New 

 and Nonofficial Remedies published 

 each year by the American Medical 

 Association. See Testosterone, Chro- 

 maffin Reaction, Vuipian Reaction, Os- 

 mic Acid. 



Ruber's Toluidin Blue stain for Nissl bodies 

 (Addison in McClung, p. 150). This 

 much used method is suggested for 

 autopsy material. Fix in 95% alcohol, 

 100 cc; trichloracetic acid (Mallinck- 

 rodt), 1.5 gm.; mercuric chloride (Mal- 

 linckrodt), 3 gm. 2-10 days depending 

 upon size of piece of tissue. Change 

 fixative every 2 days for larger speci- 

 mens. Pour off fluid and store in 95% 

 alcohol until used. Do not take out 

 mercury with iodine. Stain parafl&n 

 sections in toluidin blue 15-18 hrs. 

 (Make up solution by adding 1 gm. to 

 500 cc. aq. dest. Heat gently and when 

 it is dissolved add 500 cc. aq. dest.). 

 Pour off stain. Wash in aq. dest. 

 Leave 2 hrs. in lithium carbonate. 

 (Make this by adding 5 gm. to 1000 cc. 

 aq. dest. Boil several minutes. Cool. 

 Filter. To 100 cc. filtrate add 900 cc. 

 aq. dest.) . Differentiate in 70% alcohol 

 5-30 min. Leave fiat in 95% alcohol, 

 5-15 min. Dehydrate in absolute, clear 

 in xylol and mount in balsam. 



Humus, see soil. 



Huntoon's Hormone Medium, see Bacteria, 

 Media. 



Hyalin. This is usually easily recognizable 

 in sections stained with Hematoxylin 



and Eosin or by Phloxin and Methylene 



Blue, by its affinity for eosin or phloxin. 

 Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin 



colors it deep blue. A hemaloxylin- 

 phloxin method is also recommended 

 by Mallory (p. 207). Fix in alcohol or 

 10% formalin and imbed in paraffin or 

 celloidin. Stain in alum hematoxylin, 

 1-5 min. or more. Wash in tap water 

 and stain with 0.5% phloxin in 20% 

 alcohol, 10-30 min. or longer. Wash in 

 tap water and treat for §-1 min. with 

 0.1% aq. lithium carbonate. Wash in 

 tap water, dehydrate, clear and mount. 

 In case of celloidin sections, clear in 

 terpineol or origanum oil from 95% 

 ale. Nuclei, blue; fresh hyalin, in- 

 tensely red ; older hyalin, pink to 

 colorless. A simple Ihionin stain is also 

 given by Mallory. It is to stain similar 

 sections for 5-10 min. in 0.5% thionin 

 in 20% ale. Differentiate and dehy- 

 drate in 80% alcohol. Then 95% alco- 

 hol, terpineol and terpineol balsam. 

 Nuclei and old hyalin, blue. 

 Hyaluronic Acid. — Written by A. R. Gopal- 

 Ayengar, Barnard Free Skin & Cancer 

 Hospital, St. Louis. This is a polymer 

 of acetyl glucosamine and glucuronic 

 acid. It occurs in a polydisperse form 

 in a variety of tissues such as umbilical 

 cord, synovial fluid, vitreous humor, 

 skin, tumors due to virus of leucosis 

 and sarcoma of fowls, and in pleural 

 fluid associated with human meso- 

 thelioma. (For an extensive treatment 

 of the subject of acid polysaccharides 

 and a comprehensive bibliography, 

 refer to Karl Meyer's reviews on, "Mu- 

 colytic enzymes" in Currents in Bio- 

 chemical Research, Interscience Pub- 

 lishers, N. Y., 1946; "Mucoids and 

 Glycoproteins" in Advances in Protein 

 Chemistry, Academic Press, N. Y. 

 1945; "The Chemistry and Biology of 

 Mucopolysaccharides and Glycopro- 

 teins" in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia 

 on Quant. Biol., 6, 1938, 91-102.) The 

 enzyme, hyaluronidase, depolymerizes 

 and hydrolj'ses hyaluronic acid. It is a 

 Spreading Factor and has been ably 

 presented, along with other spreading 

 factors, by Duran-Reynals, F., Bact. 

 Rev., 1942, 6, 197-252; Meyer, K. and 

 Chaffee, E., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & 

 Med., 1940, 43, 487-489; Meyer, K. et al., 

 Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 1940, 44, 

 294-296, and others. 



A histochemical method for the dem- 

 onstration of acid polysaccharides like 

 hyaluronic acid is described by Hale, 

 C. W., Nature, 1946, 157, 802. The use 

 of metachromatic stains such as tolui- 

 dine blue while satisfactory for sul- 

 phated polysaccharides like chondroitin 

 sulphate is valueless for hyaluronic acid 



