ILLUMINATION 



124 



INDULIN 



and it is unpleasant to work with. 

 Ultraviolet light, which permits higher 

 resolution and is selectively absorbed 

 especially by nucleoproteins, is used 

 occasionally for Ultraviolet Photomicro- 

 graphy. The objects, however, can of 

 course not be seen directly so that to 

 photograph them is a hit and often miss 

 experience, though it is possible to 

 focus on a fluorescent screen. The 

 principal use of ultraviolet light is in 

 the Fluorescence ?/Iicr©scope by which 

 the structures giving off fluorescence 

 can be viewed in a dark background at 

 high magnification. 



Imbedding, see Celioidin, Paraffin, Glycol- 

 Stearate, Rubber Paraffin, Ceresin, 

 Double and Gelatin for imbedding 

 preparatory to sectioning. The Mount- 

 ing of sections and whole tissues is a 

 kind of imbedding. 



Immunization of monocytes against foreign 

 erythrocytes with phagocytosis of the 

 latter (Bloom, W., Arch. Path, and Lab. 

 Med., 1927, 3,608-628). 



Impedence, see Electrical Resistance. 



Imperial Red, see Eosin B or bluish. 



Imperial Yellow, see Aurantia. 



Impression Preparations, see Smears. 



Inanition, see Fasting. 



Inclusion Bodies are any substances in- 

 cluded in a cell, tissue or organ. There 

 is the implication that the substance is 

 included from without, that is to say, 

 it is of extraneous origin. But the 

 designation is so loosely used as to be 

 almost meaningless. It is applied to 

 droplets of fat, ingested pigments, 

 remnants of phagocytosed materials, 

 bodies developed in cells as a result of 

 virus action and so forth. The virolo- 

 gists have taken over the designation 

 from normal cytology in which it is 

 used less and less. In certain virus 

 diseases inclusions form in the nucleus, 

 in the cytoplasm or in both (Cowdry, 

 E. V. in Rivers' book on Virus Diseases, 

 Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1928, 

 pp. 113-154). 



Since the nucleus is shielded from the 

 environment by the cytoplasm its reac- 

 tivity is restricted and the materials 

 available for the formation of nuclear 

 inclusions are also limited as compared 

 with those in the cytoplasm. Conse- 

 quently the composition of nuclear in- 

 clusions in virus diseases is more vmi- 

 form than that of cytoplasmic inclusions. 

 See Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Inclusions 



Indamin Dyes. Methylated amino deriva- 

 tives of indamin. Bindschedler's green 

 and toluylene blue. 



India Ink, see Higgins'. 



Indicators, see Hydrogen Ion and Oxidation 

 Reduction Potential indicators. 



Indigo, a fine blue dye produced from the 



leaves of Indigofera tinctoria, employed 

 as a stain and a cosmetic for more than 

 4000 years, and early adopted officiallj^ 

 for the uniforms of American and 

 British sailors, its history reads like a 

 romance. (-See, Leggett, W. F., An- 

 cient and Medieval IDyes. Brookh'n: 

 Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1944, 

 95 pp.) 



Indigo (CI. 1177) is now produced 

 artificially as well as from plants. 

 Indigo-Carmine (CI, IISO) — indigotine la — 

 This sodium salt of indigosulfonic acid 

 is blue with acid characteristics so that 

 it is a good counterstain for carmine. 

 It has been employed with fuchsin by 

 Shumway, W., Stain Techn., 1926, 1, 

 37-38. See renal excretion of (Kemp- 

 ton, R. T., Bott, P. A. and Richards, 



A. N., Am. J. Anat., 1937_, 61, 505-521). 

 It was used as a vital stain by Heiden- 

 liain who employed 35-60 cc. of 0.4% 

 suspension for rabbits and 150-1500 cc. 

 for dogs (see Foot, McClung, p. 113). 

 The Bensleys (p. 151) advise intra- 

 venous injection of 4 cc. sat. filtered 

 aq. indigo-carmine per kilogram of body 

 weight. Fix by vascular perfusion with 

 formalin alcohol (neutral formalin, 10 

 cc; absolute alcohol, 90 cc.) or by im- 

 mersion in it. Counterstain frozen sec- 

 tions with Mayer's Acid Carmine or 

 with 1% acridine red. Another way is 

 to imbed (in paraffin), section, clear and 

 examine with or without this counter- 

 staining. 



Indigotine la, see Indigo-Carmine. 



Indin Blue 2rd, see Naphthol Blue R. 



Indium, see Atomic Weights. 



Indo Reaction for phenols. Formation by 

 oxidation of an aromatic paradiamine in 

 presence of tissue phenol of a blue or 

 green indamine. A difficult reaction 

 (Lison, p. 142). See Lison's study of 

 the venom gland of toads (Lison, L., 

 C. Rend. Soc. de Biol., 1932, 111, 

 657-658). 



Indol Compounds, see Nitro Reaction, 

 Nitrosamino Reaction. 



Indophenol Blue (CI, 821) . This is formed 

 by oxidation of a mixture p-amino- 

 dimethylaniline and a naphthol. Conn 

 (p. 73) says that this is probably the 

 dye employed for staining fat by Herx- 

 heimer, G., Deut. Med. Wochenschr., 

 1901, 27, 607-609. 



Indophenol 1. See Oxidation -Reduction. 



Indophenol Oxidase, see Nadi Reagent, 

 Cytochrome, Oxidase. 



Indophenols. Dyes closely related to inda- 

 mines. Example : indophenol blue. 



Indulin. 1. Spirit soluble (CI, 860)— spirit 

 indulin and spirit nigrosin R. 

 2. Water soluble (CI, 861)— fast blue 



B, OB, R, etc., soluble indulin 3B— 

 An infrequently used acid azin dye. 



