JOHNSON'S NEUTRAL RED 



130 



KIDNEY 



Then rinse in aq. dest., differentiate in 

 95% alcohol, dehydrate in absolute, clear 

 and mount. 

 Joints. Meniscus (Raszela, F., Bull. 

 d'Hist. AppL, 1938, 15, 186-210). 



Jores' Solution, see under Color Preserva- 

 tion of gross specimens. 



Kabunylin, a dye extracted from beetroot. 

 Said to be good for use with picrofuchsin 

 (Fuse and Hino, Arb. Anat. Inst, zu 

 Sendai, 1937,20, 111-113). 



Kaiserling's Solution, see under Color 

 Preservation of gross specimens. 



Kallichrom, a combination of cresyl violet 

 and auramin recommended for both 

 plant and animal tissues (Kisser, J., 

 Mikr. f. Naturfreunde, 1931, 9, 95). 



Kardos-Pappenheim modification of Giem- 

 sa's stain (Kardos, E., Folia haematol., 

 Archiv., 1911, 12, 39). To make the 

 methyl green-orange stain mix 2% aq. 

 orange G. with concentrated aq. methyl 

 green. Filter, dry the ppt. and dis- 

 solve in methyl alcohol. Shake well 

 together 5 drops methyl green-orange, 10 

 drops of Giemsa's stock solution and 15 

 cc. aq. dest. The fluid under the foam 

 is used for staining. First fix and stain 

 the blood smear with May-Griinwald 

 mixture 3 minutes ; add equal volume aq. 

 dest., 1 minute; pour off and add the 

 methyl green-orange 15 minutes; wash 

 quickly in water and blot dry. 



Karo, white corn syrup (Corn Products Co.) 

 is a useful medium for mounting whole 

 insects because they can be transferred 

 to it directly from water or weak alcohol 

 and clearing is unnecessary (Patrick, 

 R., Science, 1936, 33, 85-86). 



Karotin, see Carotin. 



Karyosome (G. Karyon nut, nucleus + 

 soma, body). A basic staining or chro- 

 matin-nucleolus, in contrast to a plasmo- 

 so?Me, generally more numerous, smaller 

 and of less regular shape often called a 

 net-knot. 



Kerasin is a Cerebroside. 



Keratin, a scleroprotein contained in hair, 

 nails, horns, epidermis, etc. There are 

 apparently two sorts. Their chemistry 

 is discussed by Giroud, A., Bulliard, H. 

 and Lebond, C. P., Bull. d'Hist. AppL, 

 1934, 11, 365-373. See Orange II, Oral 

 Mucosa. 



Keratohyalin. Hyalin-like granules found 

 in tlie stratum granulosum. They can 

 be beautifullj' stained with picro- 

 cartnine. 



Kermes. This scarlet dj^e was known in 

 Egypt and farther East at a very early 

 date. Kermes is the Armenian term 

 for a "little worm", variously identi- 

 fied as Coccus arbor um and Coccus ilicis. 

 Moses referred to it as "Fola" and 

 ' ' Fola shami ' ' . Remember the promise 

 of Jehovah: "Though your sins be as 



scarlet (Fola) they shall be as white as 

 snow; though they be red as crimson 

 (Fola shami), they shall be as wool". 

 So valuable was Kermes that after the 

 subjugation of Spain by the Romans 

 the people were made to pay half of the 

 tribute in Kermes. At about 1640 a 

 Dutch chemist discovered the similarity 

 of _ this dye to cochineal. Its history 

 affords interesting reading (Leggett, 

 W. F. Ancient and Medieval Dyes. 

 Brooklyn: Chemical Publishing Co. 

 Inc., 1944, 95 pp.). 

 Kidney. Techniques for the sustaining 

 tissues of the kidney (connective tissue, 

 blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics) 

 are essentially the same as those used 

 for the same tissues in other organs . See , 

 however, the Silver Citrate injection of 

 blood vessels. The epithelial compo- 

 nents are highly specialized and can be 

 investigated in a host of different ways 

 of which only a few samples can be given. 



A clear distinction between glomeruli 

 and the remainders of the renal tubules 

 is important. It is a simple matter to 

 color the former with 1:5000 Janus blue 

 (which is more satisfactory for this pur- 

 pose than Janus green) in 0.85% aq. 

 sodium chloride by vascular Perfusion 

 and to determine their number, size and 

 distribution against a background of un- 

 stained or faintly rose tinged tubules in 

 slices of fresh kidney (Cowdry, E. V., 

 Contrib. to Embryol. Carnegie Inst., 

 Washington, 1918, 8, 39-160). 



Individual renal tubules in their 

 entirety can be isolated by maceration 

 and teasing as described by Huber, G. C, 

 Cowdry's Special Cytology, 1932, 2, 

 935-977 slightly amplified. Partly wash 

 out blood by injecting physiological 

 saline into the renal artery. Then follow 

 with hydrochloric acid (cone. HCl, 3 

 parts and aq. dest. 1 part) using care to 

 protect the eyes. Remove and immerse 

 the organ in the same fluid. After a 

 suitable time, determined by excising 

 pieces, wash a block of tissue with aq. 

 dest and stain in Hemalum. Wash in 

 very dilute aq. sodium hydrate. Iso- 

 late individual tubules by teasing with 

 fine needles. Wash, and mount in 

 glycerin. With small mammals Huber's 

 results were excellent but he was not 

 satisfied with his human preparations. 

 The method has however been well ad- 

 justed to the human kidney by Oliver, 

 J. and Lund, E. M., J. Exp. Med., 1933, 

 57, 435-483 and Arch. Path., 1934, 18, 

 755-774. Technique for the micro- 

 scopic study in vivo of the surface of the 

 guinea pig's kidney, for the marking of 

 single tubules with India ink and for 

 their later isolation by maceration is 

 given by Walker, A. M. and Oliver, J., 



