NAPHTHOL GREEN B 



162 



NECROSIS 



green B for connective tissue. Stain 

 sections 6 min. in Weigert's or other 

 iron hematoxylin. Wash thoroughly 

 in water and stain 3 nain. in 1% aq. 

 eosin Y (CI, 768 . Rinse in water and 

 mordant 4 min. in 10% dilution of 

 U.S. P. ferric chloride solution. Rinse 

 in water and stain 5 min. in 1% naph- 

 thol green B. Differentiate 2 min. in 

 1% aq. acetic acid. Dehydrate in 

 aceton, clear in acetone-xylene and in 

 xylene and mount in clarite xjdeue or 

 in salicylic acid balsam. Connective 

 tissue, green; muscle and cytoplasm, 

 pink. 



Y (CI, 2) — fast printing green, Gam- 

 bine — An acid nitroso dye apparently 

 not used in histology. 



Naphthol Orange, see Orange I. 



Napbtho! Red S, C or O, see Amaranth. 



Naphthol Yellow, see Martins Yellow. 



Naphthyi Red (CI, S56), a basic dye of light 

 fastness 5. Only nuclei of mature plant 

 cells colored fugitive red (Emig, p. 57). 



Naphtliylamine Brown (CI, 170), an acid 

 monoazo dye which stains plant tissues 

 da,rker in presence of potassium bi- 

 chromate (Emig, p. 34). 



Naphthylamine Pink, secMagdala Red. 



Narceln (CI, 152). An acid mono-azo dye. 

 Was used by Ehrlich in combination 

 with pyronin and methylene blue or 

 methyl green to produce a neutral dye 

 (Conn, p. 54). No longer available. 



Nasal Passages. The fluid, when present 

 in unusual amounts can obviously be 

 studied in Smears. Nasal clearance 

 depends upon the movement by the 

 cilia toward the pharynx of a mucous 

 sheet (to which foreign materials be- 

 come attached) over a layer of fluid in 

 which the cilia act as can be demon- 

 strated by the techniques of Lucas, 

 A. M. and Douglas, L. C, Arch. Oto- 

 laryng., 1934, 20, 518-541 and others. 

 Methods for Mucus and Cilia are given 

 under their respective headings. The 

 wall of the nasal passages exhibits 

 marked regional diversity (Hilding, A., 

 Arch. Otolaryng., 1932, 16, 9-18). The 

 nasal mucous membrane covering the 

 septum can be removed in ioio by the 

 dilute acetic acid method (see Epider- 

 mis) and examined as a whole mount 

 which gives valuable data impossible to 

 secure from the study of sections. 

 Those interested in wound healing would 

 do well to consult a paper by Boling, 

 L. R., Arch. Otolaryng., 1935, 22, 689- 

 724. An easy and graphic method for 

 visualization of lyraphiitic drainage is 

 described under Lymphatic Vessels. 

 For numerous suggestions as to tech- 

 nique see Proetz, A. Applied Physi- 

 ology of the Nose. St. Louis: Annals 

 Publishing Co., 1941, 395 pp. 



Nasal Sinuses. The mechanism of clear- 

 ance is similar. To make sections of 

 the nasal sinuses, especially the smaller 

 ones, fixation in Formalin Zenker is 

 suggested followed by Decalcification 

 and Celloidin Imbedding. The sec- 

 tions can be stained by the method best 

 adapted to the purpose in mind. 



Nasmyth's Membrane, see Enamel cuticle. 



n-Butyl Alcohol (prophylcarbinol). Rec- 

 ommended by Stiles (K. A., Stain 

 Techn., 1934, 9, 97-100) to replace 

 higher concentrations of alcohol in histo- 

 logical technique especially for lightly 

 chitinized insects but also as a routine 

 for vertebrates. After fixation in Gil- 

 son's Fluid pass the tissues through 

 35% (ethyl) alcohol -^-1 hr.; 90 cc. 45% 

 ale. -I- 10 cc. butyl, 2 hrs.; 80 cc. 62% 

 ale. + 20 cc. butyl, 2 hrs.; 65 cc. 77% 

 ale. + 35 cc. butyl, 4 hrs.; 45 cc. 90% 

 ale. -f 55 cc. butyl, 6 hrs. to days; 25 

 cc. abs. ale. -f 75 cc. butyl, 6 hrs. to 

 over night; butyl 2 changes several 

 hrs. (or store in butyl if desired). To 

 imbed transfer to mixture of butyl and 

 paraffin and to paraffin . n Butyl alcohol 

 is helpful in making permanent prepara- 

 tions of tissues freshly stained with 

 Methylene Blue, which see. It should 

 not be confused with Tertiary Butyl 

 Alcohol. 



Necrobiosis was for Minot (C. S., The 

 Problem of Age, Growth and Death. 

 New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1908, 

 280 pp.) a condition in which the cells 

 continue to live but change their chemi- 

 cal organization so that their substance 

 passes from a living to a dead state. 

 "Here (he says) life and death play 

 together and go hand in hand." The 

 term is current but is of little use be- 

 cause it has no advantage over the word 

 Necrosis for the disorganization of 

 death seldom if ever takes place simul- 

 taneously throughout the substance of 

 any living thing. See Dead Cells. 



Necrosis (G. nekrosis, a killing). The term 

 is usually applied to indicate the local 

 death of a cell or of group of cells, not 

 that of the body as a whole. Death is 

 defined by Webster and others as the 

 "cessation of life" which merely poses 

 the question of what life is. Perhaps 

 the most fundamental vital phenomenon 

 is the oxygen consumption involved in 

 respiration. This may persist in eryth- 

 rocytes even after the loss of their 

 nuclei (Harrop, G. A., Arch. Int. Med., 

 1919, 23, 745-752). But cells frozen 

 by special techniques do not respire 

 while frozen. They endure in a state 

 of suspended animation (called vitrifica- 

 tion) indefinitely. They are not dead 

 since they retain the structural organi- 

 zation, which, when unlocked by in- 



