NEUTRAL STAINS 



169 



NICKEL 



extract the other from a section. This 

 can be overcome by having them react 

 on each other to form a molecularly 

 balanced neutral compound insoluble 

 in pure water and which must therefore 

 be employed in alcoholic solution. 

 Because the staining depends upon the 

 hydrolytic splitting of the compound 

 they must be applied at maximum con- 

 centration of water consistent with 

 retaining the dj^e in solution. It is on 

 account of the necessity for dilution 

 with water to promote dissociation that 

 water is added to Wright's blood stain 

 on the slide. These neutral dyes are 

 of particular value in the staining of 

 secretion antecedents by R. R. Bensley 

 and his follov.-ers, see Neutral Gentian 

 (gentian violet-orange G), Neutral 

 Safranin (safranin-acid violet), Crystal 

 Violet-Acid Fuchsin and Bowie's Stain. 

 Neutrophile Leucocyte (finely granular 

 leucocyte, polymorphonuclear leuco- 

 cyte). Most numerous granular leuco- 

 cyte, percentage 55-75; slightly smaller 

 (9-12/i) than eosinophile; nucleus lo- 

 bated, usually also filamented, stains 

 deeply; specific granules, refractile, 

 neutrophilic, small, uniform and 

 numerous; highly motile and phago- 

 cytic. Special methods for their study 

 are far too numerous even to list. 

 The so-called toxic neutrophiles in 

 certain pathological states differ from 

 normal ones in the staining of nuclei 

 and specific granules (Mommsen, H., 

 Ztschr. exper._ Med., 1929, 65, 299). 

 A comprehensive account of neutro- 

 philes is provided by Bunting, C. H. 

 in Downey's Hematology, 1938, 1, 

 160-177. Because these cells normally 

 constitute by far the majority of leuco- 

 cytes in the circulating blood, chemical 

 analyses of total leucocytes separated 

 from the erythrocj'tes relate chiefly to 

 them. The most convenient way is to 

 mix fresh blood with Anticoagulant, 

 centrifuge and take the so-called buffy 

 layer. For lipid analysis of such 

 material, see Bo3"d, E. M., Arch. Path., 

 1936, 21, 739-748. Another useful 

 method, described by Haan and em- 

 ployed by Barnes, J. M., Brit. J. Exp. 

 Path., 1940, 21, 264-275, which works 

 nicely with the rabbit but poorly with 

 the cat, is to inject intraperitoneally 

 200-300 cc. warm sterile saline solution 

 and 4 hrs. later to withdraw fluid with a 

 cannula into 5 cc. 4% sodium citrate. 

 This fluid contains 95-98% neutrophiles. 

 Barnes has outlined methods for de- 

 termination of Cathepsin, Nuclease, 

 Amylase, Lipase, Lysozyme and Adeno- 

 inase. Since it is possible now to break 

 up cells and to collect by centrifugation 

 masses of Mitochondria and Nuclei, 

 it should be feasible to collect and 



similarly to analyse the neutrophilic 

 granulations. For technique of meas- 

 uring motility, chcmotaxis and other 

 properties, see Leucocytes. 



Neutrophilic, see Staining. 

 Nevillite V and No. 1 have been compared 

 with gum da mar and Canada balsam as 

 mounting media by Groat (R. H., 

 Anat. Rec, 1939, 74, 1-6). Both are 

 clean, colorless, inert and neutral. 

 He recommends a 60% solution of 

 either V or No. 1 in toluol. 



New Blue R, see Naphthol Blue R. 



New Fuchsin (Magenta III) (CI, 678)— 

 fuchsin NB, isorubin — It is triamino- 

 tritolyl-methane chloride. This new 

 fuchsin is sometimes specified for 

 staining of acid fast bacilli. 



New Methylene Blue. The Colour Index 

 lists several dyes by this name of which 

 2 deserve mention: (1) GG (CI, 911) 

 is recommended by the Bensleys (p. 

 16) as a supravital stain for mast cells 

 and for the thyroid because of its meta- 

 chromatic capacity. (2) N (CI, 927) — 

 methylene blue NN— Conn (p. 88) 

 says that it may be of some value though 

 it is practically never used in micro- 

 scopical work. Cowdry tried it and 

 found that it had no particular ad- 

 vantages. 



New Pink, see Phloxine. 



New Ponceau 4R, see Ponceau 2R. 



New Victoria Blue B or R, see Victoria 

 Blue R. 



New Victoria Green Extra O, I or II, see 

 Malachite Green. 



Niagara Blue 3B, see Trypan Blue. 



Niagara Blue 4B (CI, 520)— benzo sky blue, 

 direct sky blue, pontamine sky blue 

 5BX — A disazo dye, see Varrelman, 

 F. A., Stain Techn., 1938, 13, 115-119. 

 Niagara blue 2B (N.A.C.) is the Ameri- 

 can prototype of trypan blue for which 

 it can be substituted (Foot, McClung, 

 p. 115). 



Niagara Sky Blue 6 B (CI, 518), a direct di- 

 sazo dye of light fastness 3. Instruc- 

 tions for employing this useful stain in 

 the examination of plant and animal 

 tissues are given (Emig, p. 41). 



Nickel. The microchemical technique of 

 Cretin and Pouyanne (A., and L., 

 Bordeaux chirurgical, 1933, 4, 321-364) 

 employed in a study of the influence of 

 metals on bone deposition, as given by 

 Lison (p. 102), is : Fix in formol, 30 cc, 

 "s6rum physiologique", 100 cc, and 

 ammonium hydrosulphate 5 drops. Im- 

 merse in a solution of ammonium 

 phosphate in order to produce the 

 insoluble double salt: NIl4NiP04 + 

 6H2O. Decalcify. In the sections stain 

 the nickel by an alcoholic solution of 

 pure hematoxylin which forms a lilac 

 colored nickel lake appearing blue when 

 very thick (Lison, p. 102). 



