OXIDATION -REDUCTION 



184 



PALITZSCH'S BORAX-BORIC 



afforded a measure of the ratio of oxi- 

 dant to reductant of the indicator in 

 equilibrium in the tissue. Aerobically 

 the epithelium had an estimated poten- 

 tial of 4-0.100 volts, and the stroma 

 —0.130 volts. Anaerobically both had 

 estimated potentials of —0.290 volts. 



Lewis, M. R., Barron, E. S. G. and 

 Gardner, R. E., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & 

 Med., 1930-31, 28, 684-685 compared the 

 power of cancer tumors, tumors pro- 

 duced by viruses and normal tissue to 

 reduce methylene blue. The tissues 

 were cut in a manner similar for tissue 

 respiration, and the pieces were placed 

 in M/15 Sorensen's phosphate buffers 

 at pH 7.38. Anaerobiosis was main- 

 tained by a stream of nitrogen. The 

 time of reduction of the dye by tumors 

 was the same as that of normal tissues. 



Voegtlin, C, Johnson, J. M. and Dyer, 

 H. A., J. Pharm. & Exp. Therap., 1925, 

 24, 305-337 have quantitatively esti- 

 mated the reducing power of normal and 

 cancerous tissue. For the anaerobic 

 experiments tissues were sliced about 2 

 mm. thick and weighed about 0.5 gm. 

 Samples of tissue were placed in sterile 

 vacuum tubes, and 5 cc. of a sterile solu- 

 tion of the indicator in a phosphate buf- 

 fer solution (M/15 Na2HP04, KH2PO4 

 Sorensen) of pH 7.6 were added to each 

 tube by means of a sterile pipette. 

 After evacuation of the tubes by a 

 vacuum pump, they were rapidly fixed 

 in a constant temperature bath at 38°C. 

 on a revolving rack. 



The indicator solutions were prepared 

 by adding phosphate buffer to an ac- 

 curately weighed amount of the dye in 

 a mortar and grinding. The solutions 

 were made up to volume and boiled to 

 sterilize. 



The reducing power of tissues was 

 based upon the time needed to reduce 

 anaerobically equimolar amounts of the 

 indicators used (the dye content of each 

 indicator was determined on a moisture 

 free basis). For the indicators used it 

 was found that the optimum concentra- 

 tion for comparative purposes was ap- 

 proximately M/42,533. A more useful 

 concentration of M/40,000 was suggested 

 for future work. 



All the tissues (brain, carcinoma — 

 peripheral portion, heart muscle, spleen, 

 kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle and 

 testis) had a reducing power which 

 varied according to the type of tissue 

 having the highest reducing power (with 

 the exception of the necrotic portion of 

 carcinoma). The latter was devoid of 

 reducing power while the viable portion 

 reduced the indicators as rapidly as 

 did some of the normal tissues. 

 Oxychromatic Degeneration. A kind of 



degeneration in which oxychromatic 

 (acidophilic) material appears in the 

 nuclei. See Luger, A. and Lauda, E., 

 Med. Klin., Berlin, 1926, 22, 415, 456, 

 493. 



Oxydase, see Oxidase. 



Oxygen Consumption. A method is de- 

 scribed for epidermis separated from 

 dermis by heat (Baumberger, J. P., 

 Suntzeff, V. and Cowdry, E. V., J. Nat. 

 Cancer Inst., 1942, 2, 413-423. 



Oxyntic Cells (G. Oxyntos, making acid), 

 an unsatisfactory term for the parietal 

 cells of the stomach because it implies 

 actual manufacture of acid. 



Oxyphil (G. oxys., acid -f philos, fond) same 

 as acidophilic. The term is commonly 

 applied to the colloid cells of the para- 

 thyroid and thyroid which are colored 

 with "acid" dyes such as eosin. 



Ozokerite, see Ceresin Imbedding. 



Pacinian Corpuscles can best be located by 

 naked eye inspection of the abdominal 

 viscera of a freshly killed cat as small 

 elongated, cigar shaped bodies situated 

 just within the tunica serosa which 

 appear china white because they have a 

 very poor blood supply. Fix in Zen- 

 ker's Fluid and color with Mallory's 

 Connective Tissue stain for general 

 purposes or employ Bodian's method for 

 nerve fibers. 



Pal-Weigert Method, see Weigert-Pal. 



Palitzsch's Borax-Boric Acid Buffers 

 (Clark, W. M. The Determination of 

 Hydrogen Ions. Baltimore: Williams 

 and Wilkins, 1928, 717 pp.) Prepare: 

 (1) M/20 borax solution by dissolving 

 19.0715 gms. Na2B407 10 H2O in 1 liter 

 aq. dest. (2) A solution containing 

 M/5 boric acid and M/20 NaCl by dis- 

 solving 12.368 gms. H3BO3 and 2.925 

 gms. NaCl in 1 liter aq. dest. To make 

 buffer of the desired pH mix 1 and 2 in 

 the proportions indicated. 



