PARAFUCHSIN 



187 



PASTEURELLA 



Farafuchsin, see Pararosanilin (Magenta O). 

 Paraganglion, see Aortic. 



Paraldehyde is paracetaldehyde, a polymer 

 of acetaldehyde employed in Dioxan 

 fixative and in other \va3's. 



Paraloidin, see Celloidin. 



Paramagenta, see Pararosanilin (Magenta 

 O). 



Paramylum, a form of carbohydrate store in 

 lower plants (Taylor in McClung, p. 

 221). 



Paraplasm is a term supposed to include non- 

 living cellular components such as gly- 

 cogen and lipid granules. It is mis- 

 leading because all cellular components 

 contribute in one way or another to 

 vital phenomena. Deutoplasm is syn- 

 onymous. 



Pararosanilin (Magenta O) (CI, 676) — basic 

 rubin, parafuchsin and paramagenta — 

 This is triamino - triphenyl - methane 

 chloride, the chief component of most 

 Basic Fuchsins. 



Parasites. These range all the way from 

 ultramicroscopic viruses to organisms a 

 yard or more long. Microscopic tech- 

 niques for viruses are given under Cyto- 

 plasmic Inclusions, Elementary Bodies, 

 and Nuclear Inclusions. Certain Gram 

 negative intracellular insect or arachnid 

 transmitted bacteria -like microor- 

 ganisms are called Rickettsia and re- 

 quire special methods for their demon- 

 stration. See also Bacteria and Spiro- 

 chaetales, Fungi, Piroplasma and Pro- 

 tozoa. A search for such small para- 

 sites involves not only an examination 

 of tissues but also of body fluids includ- 

 ing Blood, Feces, Gastric Contents, 

 Urinary Sediment, etc. When the para- 

 sites are scarce resort is made to methods 

 of Concentration. Elementary orienta- 

 tion in respect to the larger animal para- 

 sites (metazoa) is provided by the fol- 

 lowing classification (according to 

 Stiles) from Stitt (p. 387) which has 

 been slightly modified. 



1. Body more or lesa doreiventrally flattened 3 



Body in cross section ordinarily round 2 



2. Body never annulated, without legs or jaws. . . . 4 

 Body annulated (at least possesses mouth parts) , 



breathes usually through tracheal system, 

 adults with jointed legs or other appendages.. 6 



3. Intestine present without anus, 1 or 2 suckers, 



body not segmented. (In liver, lungs, blood, 

 intastine rarely elsewhere — flukes) Trematoda 



Intestine absent, 2 or 4 suckers on head, body 

 of adults segmented, tissue usually contains 

 calcareous bodies, adults (tapeworms) in in- 

 testine, larvae (bladder worms) elsewhere 



Cestoda 



Intestine and anus present, sucker on posterior 

 end, body annulated like earthworm, in upper 

 air passages or externally (leeches, blood 

 suckers) Hirudinea 



4. Intestine absent, armed rosteUum present, very 



rare in human intestine, thorn headed worms 



Acanthocephala 

 Intestine present, but no armed rostcllum 



Nematoda 5 



5. Intestine rudimentary in adults, no lateral 



chords, rare in human intestine (hair snakes or 



horse hair worms) Gordiacea 



Intestine present with lateral chords, common 

 in intestine, muscles, lymphatics, etc. (round 

 worms) Eunematoda 



6. Six legs in adult, wings in moat species, larvae 



annulated, breathe by trachea, adults ecto- 

 parasites, occasionally under skin, in wounda, 



intestine or bladder (insects) Insecta 



Eight legs in adult, 6 in larva, head and ab- 

 domen coalesced, ectoparasites, may burrow 

 under skin or live in hair follicles (ticks, mites, 

 etc.) Acarina 



Four claws about mouth, larvae encysted in various 

 tissues, adults occasionally in nasal passages 

 (tongue worms) Linguatulidae 



Numerous legs, occasionally in nasal passages and 

 intestine (thousand leggers) Myriapoda 



See Tapeworm Proglottids, Trema- 

 todes. Taenia, Ticks, Insects, Enda- 

 moeba, Trichinella, Glychrogel. 



Parenchymatous Degeneration, see Cloudy 

 Swelling. 



Parhemoglobin, a kind of hemoglobin which 

 crystallizes in same fashion but is in- 

 soluble in alcohol (Mallory, p. 135). 



Paris Blue, see Spirit Blue. 



Paris Violet, see Methyl Violet. 



Parlodion, a derivative of pyroxylin (see 

 Celloidin). 



Paschen's Method for elementary bodies as 

 given by Seiffert, G., Virus Diseases in 

 Man, Animal and Plant. New York: 

 Philosophical Library, Inc., 1944, 332 

 pp. Dry very thin smears in air. 

 Place slides perpendicular in aq. dest. 

 Ringer or physiological saline, 3-10 

 min., longer for older specimens. Then 

 dry and place in abs. ale. 1-24 hours, or 

 in methyl alcohol, 10 min. Dry, cover 

 with filtered Loeffler caustic (Hollborn) 

 and heat. Rinse in aq. dest. and color 

 with well filtered Carbol Fuchsin. 

 Rinse in aq. dest. (To destain if neces- 

 sary dip in abs. ale, then rinse in aq. 

 dest.), blot dry. 



Pasteurella, capsules of. A modification of 

 Hiss's method advocated by Jasmin, 

 A. M., J. Bact., 1945, 50, 361-363. 

 Transfer amount of surface culture ad- 

 hering to a fine, straight platinum wire 

 to loopful physiological saline -f 0.5-1% 

 phenol and 10% blood serum. Spread 

 thin film on clean polished slide; fix 

 dried film by quickly dipping in methyl 

 alcohol. Drain and flame to remove 

 excess alcohol. Finally color J to 1 min. 

 in any regular bacterial stain, wash in 

 water and dry. Capsules appear as 

 clear areas about strongly stained bac- 

 teria in lightly colored background. 



