PEROXIDASE 



191 



PHLOXINE-METHYLENE BLUE 



is added prior to use. Wash in water, 

 blot dry and examine. " Peroxidase - 

 positive" granules, deep purple-violet. 

 No precipitation of crystals and gran- 

 ules on smear. Author suggests 0.5% 

 aq. neutral red as a counterstain to be 

 applied after treatment with DCPIP. 

 If smear is to be mounted use neutral 

 balsam. Solution of DCPIP can be 

 stored in ice box for few months. 



Peroxydase, see Peroxidase. 



Peterfi, see Double Imbedding, and Osmic 

 Acid Method for nerve fibers. 



Petrunkevitch's Fixatives: Cupric-phcnol. 

 Stock solution A = aq. dest., 100 cc; 

 nitric acid (c.p. sp. gr. 1.41-1.42), 12 

 cc; Cu(N03)2-3 H2O, 8 gm. Stock 

 solution B = 80% alcohol, 100 cc. ; 

 phenol crystals, c.p. 4 gm.; ether 6 cc. 

 Employ 1 part A with 3 parts B. Fix 

 12-24 hrs. Wash in 70% alcohol. 

 Cupric-paranitrophenol. 60% alcohol, 

 100 cc; nitric acid (same), 3 cc; ether 

 5 cc ; cupric nitrate (same), 2 gm.; 

 paranitrophenol, c.p. crystals, 5 gm. 

 Time unspecified. Wash in 70% alco- 

 hol. Said not to harden tissues like 

 ordinary fixatives. IVIay be followed 

 by all common stains. (Petrunkevitch, 

 A., Science, 1933, 77, 117-118). 



Petrunkevitch's Fluid is sat. mercuric 

 chloride in aq. dest., 300 cc, abs. ale, 

 200 cc. ; acetic acid, 90 cc; and nitric 

 acid, 10 cc 



pH, see Hydrogen Ion Indicators. 



Phagocytosis. There are numerous methods 

 for the demonstration of this phenome- 

 non from which to choose. 



1. In Vaginal Smears (which see), 

 made after intercourse, neutrophilic 

 leucocytes can be observed in the act of 

 engulfing individual spermatozoa. C. 

 II. Stockard, in Cowdry's Special Cy- 

 tology, 1932, 3, 1611-1629, has described 

 this remarkable process as seen in the 

 living state. "A leucocj^te comes in 

 contact with a spermatozoon which with 

 its tail is longer than the leucocyte. 

 The leucocyte by stretching and con- 

 tracting finally takes into itself the 

 entire spermatozoon, the tail being 

 wound in a circular fashion within the 

 cell body." 



2. In temporary mounts of bacteria 

 and Leucocytes (which see) phagocyto- 

 sis can be followed in detail. Differ- 

 ences in the behavior of neutrophiles 

 from seriously ill and normal persons 

 have been described. 



3. Under Vital Staining will be found 

 many techniques which permit the 

 observation of the phagocytosis of 

 inanimate particulate materials by 

 macrophages. A graphic demonstration 

 of the immunologic control of phagocy- 

 tosis of erythrocytes by these cells can 

 be provided by using a method de- 



scribed by Bloom, W., Arch. Path. & 

 Lab. Med., 1927, 3, 608-628. 



Phenol Compounds, see Azo Reaction, Indo 

 Reaction. 



Phenolase, see Oxidase. 



Phenoloxidase, see criticism of Dopa Oxi- 

 dase reaction. 



Phenolphthalein. This compound of 

 phthalic acid with phenol and sulfuric 

 acid is an important indicator. Closely 

 related to it is cre.solphthalein. 



Phenosafranin (CI, 840) — safranin B extra— 

 This is the simplest of the safranins. 

 It has been used by Moore, E. J., 

 Science, 1933, 77, 23-24 for staining 

 fungi on culture media or in host tissue. 



Phcnosulfonphthalein, use in renal function 

 tests (Shaw, E. C, in Glasser's Medical 

 Physics, 1628-1630). 



Phenyl Methane Dyes. The hydrogen 

 atoms of methane can be replaced by 

 phenyl groups and it is possible to add 

 amino groups to the benzene rings. 

 See di-phenyl methanes, di-amino tri- 

 phenyl methanes, tri-amino tri-phenyl 

 methanes, and hydroxy tri-phenyl 

 methanes. 



Phenylene Blue, see Naphthol Blue R. 



Phenylene Brown, see Bismark Brown Y. 



Phloroglucin is 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene. 

 It is obtained in the form of a yellowish 

 white crystalline powder. It protects 

 the organic components of tissues so 

 that acids can be used in higher con- 

 centrations for decalcification. Make 

 sat. aq. sol. phloroglucin and add 

 5-25% of the acid. 



Phloxine (CI, 774)— erythrosin BB or B 

 extra, new pink. 



Phloxine B (CI, 778) — cyanosine, eosin 

 lOB, phloxine TA, N or BB— Conn 

 (p. 154) explains that this differs from 

 phloxine in possessing 4 in place of 2 

 chlorine atoms in phthalic acid residue 

 of molecule. This phloxine B is the 

 one ordinarily used. See Eosins. 



Phloxine Ta, N or BB, see Phloxine B. 



Phloxine-Azure. This resembles Mallory's 

 phloxine-methylene blue. Stain sec- 

 tions after Bouin or Zenker fixation 

 in 2.5% aq. phloxine, 15 min.; wash in 

 water and stain in 0.1% aq. azure A, 

 30 min.; wash in water, differentiate in 

 95% ale plus few drops xylene colo- 

 phonium; dehydrate in abs., clear in 

 xylol and mount. Particularly good 

 for bone marrow. (Haynes, R., Stain 

 Technology, 1926, 1, 68). 



Phloxine-Methylene Blue. Mallory (p. 86) 

 recommends that phloxine be employed 

 in place of eosin in the following method 

 because it gives (as Conn suggested) a 

 more brilliant color. Deparaffinize sec- 

 tions of Zenker fixed material in usual 

 way. Remove mercury with 0.5% 

 iodine in 95% alcohol 5-10 min. and the 

 iodine with 0.5% aq. sodiiun thiosulfate 



