PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID 



193 



PHYSIOLOGICAL 



Phosphomolybdic Acid Hematoxylin (Mal- 



lory's, see McClung, p. 406). Fix in 

 Zenker's fluid, imbed in paraffin and 

 remove mercury with iodine. Rinse in 

 water. Phosphomolybdic acid henaa- 

 toxylin at room temperature 12-24 hrs. 

 or at about 54°C. 2-3 hrs. (That is 

 hematoxylin 1 gm., phosphomolybdic 

 acid crystals 2 gm., aq. dest. 100 cc. 

 Requires several weeks to ripen or ripen- 

 ing may be immediate after addition of 

 5 cc. 1% aq. potassium permanganate.) 

 Wash in water. Decolorize in 95% ale. ; 

 dehydrate in abs. Clear in xylol and 

 mount in balsam. Collagenic fibers 

 deep blue. To counterstain first color 

 5-10 min. in 0.5% aq. acid fuchsin, drain 

 and stain directly in the hematoxylin. 



Phosphorescence Microscope, Science 

 (News), 1943, 98, 8 (No. 2547). 



Phosphorus. The histochemical detection 

 of phosphorus is a matter of great im- 

 portance but the techniques are open to 

 much criticism. Lison (pp. 113-120) 

 has reviewed the whole question and 

 advises two techniques as vigorously 

 specific for phosphorus in the ionic 

 form: (1) Angeli (A., Riv. di Biol., 

 1933, 10, 702) using plant material treats 

 sections for 20 min. with: ammonium 

 molybdate, 3gm.; aq. dest., 20 cc; 30% 

 aq. hydrochloric acid, 20 cc; reduces in 

 N/50 stanonus chloride, rinses quickly 

 in aq. dest., washes longer in 2.5% aq. 

 ammonia which results in elements con- 

 taining phosphorus being colored blue 

 green. (2) Winter and Smith (L. G., 

 and W., J. Physiol., 1922, 56, 227-231). 

 See Radiophosphorus. 



Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin. (Alal- 

 lory's, see McClung, p. 403) Fix in 

 Zenker's fluid and remove mercury from 

 sections with iodine or 0.5% sodium 

 hyposulphite. Rinse in water. 0.25% 

 aq. potassium permanganate, 5-10 min. 

 Wash in water. 5% aq. oxalic acid, 

 10-20 min. Wash carefully in several 

 changes of water. Phosphotungstic acid 

 hematoxylin, 12-24 hrs. (To make this 

 dissolve C.l gm. hematoxylin by heat in 

 50 cc. aq. dest., when cool add 2.0 gm. 

 phosphotungstic acid dis.solved in 50 cc. 

 aq. dest. Requires a few weeks to 

 ripen. Ripening can be done at once by 

 addition of 10 cc. 0.25% aq. potassium 

 permanganate). 95% ale, 30 sec; 

 dehydrate quickly in abs. Clear in 

 xylol and mount in balsam. Fibroglia, 

 myoglia, neuroglia and fibrin, deep 

 blue; ground substance, cartilage and 

 bone, yellowish to brownish red; 

 coarse elastic fibers, purple. 



Mullen, J. P. and McCarker, J. C, 

 Am. J. Path., 1941, 17, 289-291 suggest 

 the following procedure for nervous tis- 

 sues fixed in formalin. Tissues stored 

 in 4% aq. formalin for several years give 



;x»d results. After fixation in 4%, cut 

 blocks 5 mm. or less in thickness. Wash 

 for 6-12 hrs. in running water. Dehy- 

 drate to include 95% alcohol as usual. 

 Complete dehydration in 2 changes n 

 butyl alcohol, 4 hrs. each (but absolute 

 alcohol xylol is satisfactory). Imbed in 

 paraffin directly from n Butyl Alcohol 

 (which see). 



Treat sections for 2 hrs. or longer in 

 following mordant: Dissolve 5 gms. 

 chromium chloride (green crystals ob- 

 tainable from General Chemical Co., 

 New York) in 100 cc aq. dest. and add 5 

 cc. glacial acetic acid. This dark green 

 solution soon becomes purple black but 

 is usable after many weeks. Rinse in 

 aq. dest. Stain, as above, with phos- 

 photungstic acid hematoxylin. 



Photodynamic Action of thiazine dyes on 

 vaccine virus may be due to red or infra 

 red rays (Hirano, N. and Sayama, K., 

 Arch. exp. Med., 1936, 13, 324-332). 



Photoelectric Colorimeter, construction and 

 use (Hanselman, R. C, Am. J. Clin. 

 Path., 1943, 13, 108-116). 



Photoelectric Microphotometer. This ap- 

 paratus has been developed in The Bar- 

 nard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital by 

 Stowell, R. E., J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 

 1942, 3, 111-121 to measure the light ab- 

 sorbed as a result of the specific colora- 

 tion of tissue components. It consists 

 of a lamp, microscope, photocell and 

 equipment for amplification and record- 

 ing. The particular component inves- 

 tigated has been Thymonucleic Acid 

 as demonstrated in the epidermal cells 

 of mice by the Feulgen reaction. The 

 method is one of wide usefulness and 

 will probably be employed as a means of 

 securing quantitative data from many 

 microchemical reactions. For tech- 

 nique of determining many other com- 

 ponents see Stowell, R. E., J. Invest. 

 Derm., 1945, 6, 183-189. 



Photoxylin, see Celloidin. 



Phrenosin is a Cerebroside. 



Phthalein Indicators. Table giving rela- 

 tive reactions of the several organs and 

 tissues after vital staining (Rous, P., 

 J. Exper. Med., 1925, 41, 739-759). 

 See Indicators of pH. 



Physiological solutions. These are in- 

 tended for the examination of living 

 cells with a minimum of change. Blood 

 serum, or plasma, is an unnatural me- 

 dium for any living cells except those 

 naturally intravascular as shown by the 

 fact that alone and undiluted it is a poor 

 medium for tissue culture. Physio- 

 logical saline is for mammals 0.85-0.9% 

 aqueous NaCl and for amphibians about 

 0.65% aqueous NaCl. For others see 

 Ringer, Ringer - Locke, Locke - Lewis 

 and Tyrode. Normal solutions (which 

 see) are different. 



