SANDISON'S TECHNIQUE 



221 



SEMEN STAINS 



by Abell, R. G. and Clark, E. R., Anat. 

 Rec, 1932, 53, 121-140. See modifica- 

 tions by Williams, R. G., Anat. Rec, 

 1934, 60, 487-491 and by the same 

 author {ibid, 493-499) the latter for 

 insertion into skin. Moore, R. L., 

 Anat. Rec, 1935-36, 64, 387-403) has 

 adapted the chamber for insertion into 

 dog's ear. 



Sarcolemma. Special technique for, see 

 Dahlgren in McClung (p. 132). 



Scandium, see Atomic Weights. 



Scarlet B or EC, see Biebrich Scarlet, 

 water soluble. 



Scarlet B Fat Soluble, see Sudan III. 



Scarlet J, J J, V, see Eosin B or bluish. 



Scarlet R, see Ponceau 2R. 



Scarlet Red, see Sudan IV. 



Schaudinn's Fixative. Sat. mercuric chlo- 

 ride in 0.85% aq. sodium chloride 2 

 parts. Add 1 part 95% ethyl alcohol 

 and enough glacial acetic to make 1% 

 solution immediately before use. For 

 Protozoa, staining in bulk. 



Schiflf's Reaction for aldehydes (Bourne, 

 p. 22) is basis of Feulgen reaction for 

 Thymonucleic Acid. 



Schlesinger's Reagent. Add to 4 gms. zinc 

 acetate in a bottle 95% ethyl alcohol to 

 make up 100 cc. Shake occasionally 

 and use supernatant fluid. See Uro- 

 bilin. 



Schneider's Aceto-Carmine, see Aceto- 

 Carmine. 



Schultz, H. Cholesterol Test. Cut frozen 

 sections of formol fixed material. Place 

 sections in a 2.5% solution of iron alum 

 mordanting for 3 days in low tempera- 

 ture (37°) oven. Rinse the sections 

 after removal from the alum solution 

 in aq. dest. to which are added a few 

 drops of nitric acid (2 to 3 drops per 

 25 cc). This removes alum precipitate 

 in the sections. They are then trans- 

 ferred to 2-3% gelatin solution and 

 mounted in dilute gelatin on the slide. 

 After the mounted sections have com- 

 pletely dried add a few drops of a mix- 

 ture of equal parts of concentrated 

 sulphuric acid and glacial acetic acid. 

 The appearance of a blue-green color 

 indicates that cholesterol, either in free 

 or ester form, was present in the sec- 

 tions before treatment. Both acids 

 must be of analytical reagent standard 

 and the sulphuric acid at least 98% 

 pure. The appearance of bubbles in 

 large numbers indicates impure re- 

 agents. See Knouff, R. A., Brown, 

 J. B. and Schneider, B. M., Anat. Rec, 

 1941, 79, 17-38. Revised by R. A. 

 Knouff, Dept. of Anatomy, Ohio State 

 University, Columbus, Ohio, April 24, 

 1946. Swyer, G. I. M., Cancer Re- 

 search, 1942, 2, 372-375 has checked in a 

 satisfactory way the Schultz test with 

 quantitative determinations of cho- 



lesterol in normal and enlarged pros- 

 tates. 



Schultze's Method for clearing embryos 

 has been modified by Miller. See 

 Cartilaginous Skeleton. 



Sebaceous Glands. Method for staining 

 intoto (Badertscher, J. A., Stain Techn., 

 1940,_ 15, 29-30). Fix fresh skin for 24 

 hrs. in 10% formalin, or take skin from 

 dissecting room cadaver and fix in the 

 same way. Make free hand vertical 

 sections 1-2 mm. thick from region pos- 

 sessing the glands. Whole pieces of 

 skin 12 mm. square or larger (without 

 subcutaneous fat) can be used in place 

 of the sections. Pass through 50 to 

 70% alcohol. Stain for 12-24 hrs. in a 

 mixture of 70 parts absolute ethyl 

 alcohol, 20 parts 10% aq. sodium hy- 

 droxide and 10 parts of aq. dest. satu- 

 rated with Sudan IV. Wash away excess 

 stain by repeated changes of 70% alcohol 

 until glands become sharply outlined. 

 Clear in glycerin. Mount in Brandt's 

 glycerin jelly (melted gelatin, 1 part; 

 glycerin, 1^ parts + few drops carbolic 

 acid). Glands scarlet in transparent 

 background. This method may prove 

 useful to bring out the distribution, 

 number, size and other features of 

 sebaceous glands in different conditions 

 as well as at different ages. The same 

 method can be used for Meibomian 

 (tarsal) glands after a little preliminary 

 dissection described by the author. 



Another method of staining sebaceous 

 glands in toto employed in the Barnard 

 Free Skin and Cancer Hospital is to 

 separate epidermis from dermis by the 

 dilute acetic acid method (see Epi- 

 dermis) and stain the epidermal sheet, 

 with sebaceous glands attached, with 

 Sudan III or IV as one would a section 

 for fat. A hematoxylin counterstain is 

 useful. 



The technique of Fluorescence Mi- 

 croscopy is useful. Figge, F. H. J., 

 Bull. School of Med. Univ. Maryland, 

 1942, 26, 165-176 has described the re- 

 markable red, white or yellow fluo- 

 rescence of blackheads which is charac- 

 teristic of different individuals. 



Secretion contrasted with excretion (Cow- 

 dry's Histology, p. 259). 



Sectioning, see Celloidin, Frozen, Gelatin 

 and Paraffin Sections. Also Bone 

 grinding and Teeth cutting with power 

 lathe. 



Selenium. Intravenous injections of col- 

 loidal solutions of selenium in rabbits 

 are described by Duhamel, B. G., C. 

 rend. Soc de Biol., 1919, 82, 724-726. 

 See Radioselenium. 



Semen Stains, examination of for sperma- 

 tozoa. Place piece of soiled cloth not 

 more than ^ inch in diameter on a slide. 

 Add few drops saline solution and 



