TEETH, INNERVATION 



241 



TESTIS 



attaching the ends to the tube by silk 

 threads to prevent tortuosity of nerve 

 fibers in the final preparations made by 

 the Bodian-Method. Examine the cer- 

 vical sympathetic ganglia by techniques 

 for Nissl Bodies as well as for nerve 

 fibers before and after degeneration re- 

 sulting from experimental destruction 

 of dental pulp. 



Teeth and Jaws. Sections through (Will- 

 man, M., J. Dental Res., 1937, 16, 183- 

 190). Fix in 10% formalin, 10-30 days. 

 Transfer to 95% alcohol for same time. 

 After decalcification in 5% aq. nitric 

 acid, change to 5% aq. sodium sulphate 

 for 24 hrs., then wash in running water 

 24 hrs. Dehydrate through ascending 

 alcohols to 95%, then 2 changes of ab- 

 solute, 6%, 12% and 25% celloidin solu- 

 tion, 7 days each. Cut sections with 

 heavy, sledge type of microtome. Re- 

 move celloidin from sections with alco- 

 hol-ether and pass down to aq. dest. 

 Stain with Harris' hematoxylin and acid 

 alcohol eosin. Mount in dammar. 

 Control decalcification either by testing 

 a second tooth with a needle or by 

 polariscope. See Dental Enamel. 



Teeth, Lymphatics. Obviously the work 

 of Fish, E. W., Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 

 1926-27, 20 (3), 225-236; Bodecker, C. 

 F., and Lefkowitz, W., J. Dent. Res., 

 1937, 16, 463-475 and others relating to 

 the "lymph supply" of dentin and 

 enamel does not refer to lymph but to 

 tissue fluid for the spaces are not lined 

 with lymphatic endothelium. For tis- 

 sue fluid in these situations see Cowdry, 

 E. V. Problems of Ageing. Baltimore: 

 Williams & Wilkins, 1942, p. 593. An 

 excellent account of techniques designed 

 for investigation of the lymphatic sys- 

 tem of teeth and jaws is provided by 

 MacGregor, A., Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 

 1935-36, 29 (2), 1237-1272. His favorite 

 injection masses were strong solutions 

 of basic lead acetate and acid suspen- 

 sions of carmine. Before killing and 

 injecting the animals (cats, dogs, guinea 

 pigs and monkeys) he caused them to 

 inhale large doses of amyl nitrite with 

 the idea of dilating the peripheral blood 

 vessels. 



Teichmann, see Hemin Crystal Test, Flor- 

 ence Reaction. 



Tellurium, see Atomic Weights. 



Tellyesniczky's fixative. 5 parts of formol, 

 100 of 70% alcohol and 5 of acetic acid. 



Tendons. These are dense bands of col- 

 lagenic fibers interspersed by a few 

 flattened fibroblasts (lamellar cells). 

 Fixatives penetrate the larger ones 

 poorly. Zenker's Fluid and Hematoxy- 

 lin and Eosin are fairly satisfactory. 

 For mechanical factors in structure see 



Carey, E. J., Am. J. Anat., 1936, 59, 

 89-122; Anat. Rec, 1936, 64, 327-341. 



Tensile Strength. An ingenious method has 

 been worked out to measure this prop- 

 erty of skin (Herrick, E. H., Anat. Rec, 

 1945,93. 145-149). 



Terbium, see Atomic Weights. 



Terpineol (or terpinol), a mixture of sub- 

 stances of composition CioHu and 

 CioHnO formed by action of dil. HCl 

 on terpin hydrate. Used as a clearing 

 agent. Can clear tissues from 90%, 

 even from 80% ale. A good mixture is 

 4 parts terpineol + 1 part xylol. 



Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (trimethyl carbinol). 

 Has been recommended as a substitute 

 for ethyl alcohol and clearing agents like 

 xylol in the paraffin technique because 

 it mixes easily both with water and 

 paraffin. It causes but little shrinkage 

 and hardening of tissue. One method 

 (Stowell, R. E., Science, 1942, 96, 165- 

 166) is partly to substitute for ethyl al- 

 cohol by passing through the following 

 series of mixtures : (1) Aq. dest., 50 cc. ; 

 95% ethyl, 40 cc. ; butyl, 10 cc. ; 1-2 hrs. 

 (2) Aq. dest., 30 cc. ; 95% ethyl, 50 cc. ; 

 butyl, 20 cc, 2 hrs. to several days. (3) 

 Aq. dest., 15 cc; 95% ethyl, 50 cc; 

 butyl, 35 cc; 1-2 hrs. (4) 95% ethyl, 

 45 cc. ; butyl, 55 cc. ; 1-2 hrs. (5) Butyl, 

 75 cc; abs. ethyl, 25 cc; 1-3 hrs. (6) 

 Pure butyl, 3 changes 4 hrs. to over- 

 night. (7) Equal parts pure butyl and 

 paraffin oil, 1-2 hrs. Infiltrate in paraf- 

 fin. Another method (Stowell, R. E., 

 J. Tech. Methods, 1942, 22, 71-74) is to 

 entirely substitute 50%, 70%, 85% and 

 pure butyl alcohol for the corresponding 

 ethyl alcohols. Stowell provides useful 

 suggestions as to the details of paraffin 

 imbedding. Tertiary butyl alcohol has 

 been recommended for dehydrating 

 material stained with methylene blue 

 and other dyes readily extracted during 

 ethyl alcohol dehydration (Levine, N. 

 D., Stain Techn., 1939, 14, 29-30). It 

 may be used as a substitute for ethyl 

 alcohol in the acid fast and Gram stains 

 for bacteria (Beamer, P. R. and Stowell, 

 R. E., in press). Do not confuse with 

 n Butyl alcohol. 



Testis. Methods described elsewhere for 

 the Connective System, Blood Vessels, 

 Nerve Fibers and so on are available. 

 Technique for isolation of seminiferous 

 tubules is given under Maceration. 

 See also Chromosomes. Wagner, K., 

 Biologia Generalis, 1925, 1, 22-51 has 

 employed a method of vital staining with 

 trypan blue which he claims differen- 

 tiates between interstitial cells and 

 histiocytes or macrophages. Duesberg, 

 J., Biol. Bull., 1918, 35, 175-198, using 

 the Benda Method, obtained prepara- 

 tions of opossums which he thought 



