TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS 



253 



TRYPANOSOMES 



squeezing of small pieces of jaw muscle 

 or of muscle near tendon of diaphragm 

 between two slides and direct examina- 

 tion at low magnification. A useful 

 device for squeezing the muscle, called 

 a "trichinoscope" has been constructed 

 by Gould, S. E., Am. J. Clin. Path., 

 Techn. Suppl., 1944, 8, 98-100. If 

 trichinellae are calcified or encapsu- 

 lated specimens can be cleared with 

 acid. In permanent preparations of 

 Zenker or formalin fixed material 

 stained with hematoxylin and phloxine 

 or eosin the parasites are best seen in 

 longitudinal sections of muscle fibers. 

 To demonstrate in migratory phase 

 withdraw blood from vein in arm into 

 syringe containing 3% aq. acetic acid, 

 centrifuge and examine. 



Rapid iodine-silver technique (Kal- 

 waryjski, M. B. E., Wojsk. Przegl. 

 Weteryn., 1938, 9, 123-136). Place thin 

 slices of muscle for 10 min. in iodine, 

 potassium iodide, aq. dest. sol. in fol- 

 lowing proportions 2:4:100 or 0.5:1:100 

 or 0.1:0.2:100. Wash in aq. dest. 

 Destain in 2.5% aq. sodium thiosulphate 

 until muscle is clear. Wash in aq. dest. 

 Equal parts 10% aq. silver nitrate and 

 strong ammonia until iodine leaves para- 

 sites. Wash in aq. dest. Decolorize 

 in 5% aq. sodium thiosulphate. Wash 

 in aq. dest. and mount in glycerin. 

 Parasites stained dark brown owing to 

 conversion of iodine to silver iodide. 



See investigation of larvae with radio- 

 active phosphorus (McCoy, O. R., 

 Downing, V. F. and Voorhis, S. N., J. 

 Parasit., 1941, 27, 53-58). 



Trichloracetic Acid employed with mercuric 

 chloride and acetic acid as a fixative 

 (Heidenhain, Zeit. wiss. Mikr., 1909, 

 25, 405) also used in 4 or 5% aq. sol. as 

 decalcifying agent. 



Trichlorethylene, as a solvent in histo- 

 logical technique in place of xylol 

 (Oltman, R. E., Stain Techn., 1935, 10, 

 23-24). 



Trichlorlactic Acid used as fixative fol- 

 lowed by staining with resorcin fuchsin 

 for cytoplasmic canalicular apparatus 

 (Holmgren, E., Ergeb. d. Anat., 1901, 

 11, 274-329; Cowdry, E. V., Internat. 

 Monatsschr. f. Anat. u. Physiol., 1912, 

 29, 1-32). 



Trichosiderm name suggested for iron pig- 

 ment from red hair (Flesch, P. and 

 Rothman, S., J. Invest. Dermat., 1945, 

 6, 257-270). 



Trichrome-Stains. There are many such 

 stains. See Mallory's and Masson's. 

 A rapid one is described by Pollak, 

 O. J., Arch. Path., 1944, 37, 294. Com- 

 position of stain: acid fuchsin, 0.5 gm.; 

 ponceau 2 R, 1.0 gm.; light green S F, 

 yellowish, 0.45 gm.; orange G, 0.75 gm.; 



phosphotungstic acid C.P., 1.5 gm.; 

 phosphomolybdic acid, C.P., 1.5 gm.; 

 glacial acetic acid, 3.0 cc; ethyl ale, 

 50% up to 300 cc. Add acetic to alcohol 

 and put 50 cc. in each of 4 beakers. In 

 first dissolve acid fuchsin and ponceau, 

 in second light green, in third orange 

 and phosphotungstic acid, and in fourth 

 phosphomolybdic acid (the last named 

 by slight warming). Mix and use bal- 

 ance of alcohol to wash out contents of 

 beakers adding them to mixture. Stain 

 keeps well; can be obtained from Will 

 Corporation, Roche ter, N. Y. See 

 colored plate by the author. 



Triethyl Phosphate in dehydration. Nelsen, 

 O. E., Stain Tech., 1945, 20, 131-132. 

 recommends the use of this compound 

 (C2H5)3P04) in histological technique, 

 as it displaces water in tissues readily 

 without shrinkage or distortion. Since 

 tissues may be transferred directly into 

 it from water, the tedious alcohol dis- 

 placement series in the paraffin tech- 

 nique is unnecessary. It is soluble in 

 the alcohols, benzene, ether, chloroform 

 and xylol. Nelsen reports excellent 

 results with smears following the tri- 

 ethyl phosphate method. Following 

 fixation and subsequent staining with 

 Feulgen, the smears are first transferred 

 to equal parts of water and triethyl 

 phosphate, then to triethyl phosphate 

 and finally into xylene before mounting. 

 Fast green may be dissolved in it if 

 counterstaining is desired. 



Trimethylcarbinol, see Tertiary Butyl 

 Alcohol. 



Tropaeolin D, see Methyl Orange. 



Tropaeolin G, see Metanil Yellow. 



Tropaeolin G or OOO No. 1, see Orange I. 



Tropaeolin OOO No. 2, see Orange II. 



Trypan Blue (CI, 477)— azidine blue 3B, 

 benzamine blue 3B, benzo blue 3B, 

 chlorazol blue 3B, Congo blue 3B, 

 dianil blue II3G, naphthamine blue 

 3BX, Niagara blue 3B — This acid dis- 

 azo dye is the most popular of all Vital 

 Stains. See also trypan blue capillary 

 permeability test (e Silva, M. R., and 

 Dragstedt, C. A., J. Plaarmac. and 

 Expcr. Therap., 1941, 73, 405-411). 



Trypan Red (CI, 438). So named because 

 of influence on Trypanosome infections 

 (G. trypanon, anger + soma, body). 

 An acid dis-azo dye much used as a 

 vital stain but less satisfactory than 

 trypan blue. 



Trypanosomes. The following is based upon 

 Craig's account. Before examining 

 peripheral blood, or cerebrospinal fluid, 

 for trypanosomes it is advisable to con- 

 centrate them by centrifugation. They 

 can be well seen in the darkfield. 

 Smears of blood should be made a little 

 thicker than for malaria plasmodia and 



