TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Preface 5 



Chapter I. History of staining 7 



Chapter II. The general nature of dyes and their classification 11 



Chapter III. The spectrophotometric analysis of dyes 25 



Chapter IV. Dyes of the nitro, azo, and oxyquinone groups 32 



1 . The nitro group 32 



2. The azo group 33 



3. The oxyquinone group 42 



Chapter V. The quinone-imide dyes 44 



1. The indamins 44 



2. The thiazins 44 



3. The oxazins 51 



4. The azins 53 



a. Amido-azins or eurhodins 53 



b. Safranins 55 



5. The indulins 57 



Chapter VI. The phenyl methane dyes 58 



1. Di-phenyl methane derivatives 60 



2. Tri-phenyl methane derivatives 60 



a. Di-amino tri-phenyl methanes 61 



b. Tri-amino tri-phenyl methanes (rosanilins) 62 



c. Hydroxy tri-phenyl methanes (rosolic acids) 73 



Chapter VII. The xanthene dyes 75 



1. The pyronins 75 



2. The rhodamines 77 



3. Fluorane derivatives 78 



4. Phenolphthalein and the sulphonphthaleins 83 



Chapter VIII. Compound dyes 86 



Chapter IX. The natural dyes 91 



The indigo group 91 



Cochineal products 92 



Orcein and litmus 94 



Brazilin and haematoxylin 95 



Chapter X. The theory of staining . 98 



Appendix I. Tables relating to stains 105 



Appendix II. Commission specifications of certain stains 132 



Appendix III. Bibliography 138 



