LIST OF PLATES 



PLATE 



I. THE FRANCISCAN MONASTERY, OLiNDA Frontispiece 



SEASHORE NEAR TAMANDAR^, PERNAMBUCO ,, 



TO FACE PAGE 



II. CLOISTERS OF THE BENEDICTINE MONASTERY IN OLINDA 40 



JANGADA (catamaran) ON OLINDA BEACH 40 



iii. two of the islands of recife — government palace 56 



house in caxanga, near recife 56 



iv. bahia, from the immigrant steamer gelria 64 



view from victoria, espirito santo 64 



v. the entrance to rio bay, from the sugarloaf 72 



the atlantic coast to the north of rio de janeiro 72 



vi. view from the sugarloaf: looking southwards over rio 88 



the sugarloaf 88 



vii. the gave a, from the shore io4 



the gave a, from the tijuca forest io4 



viii. olinda 120 



coconut-palms in olinda i 20 



ix. cashew-wood, pernambuco 1 28 



oil-palms, olinda i28 



macaiba-palms 1 28 



x. mangrove forest near rio 1 36 



urubu vultures i 36 



swamp-crab 136 



xi. the edge of the forest, alto da serra i44 



edge of barren lands, pernambuco i44 



forest south of rio i44 



xii. seringal. tree-tops in the forest 160 



seringal. massaranduba tree 160 



xiii. virgin forest, alto da serra. in the centre, a palmito 162 



on the rio paquequer, near therezopolis 1 62 



xiv. virgin forest, ceylon 1 76 



virgin forest. kubany, the bohmerwald 1 76 



xv. virgin forest, seringal 1 78 



burity-palm in swamp-forest 1 78 



llanas in virgin forest, pernambuco 1 78 



xvi. tree-ferns in forest near nova friburgo (2,6oo feet above 



sea-level) 184 



TREE-FERNS IN CEYLON (aT 6,500 FEET) FOR COMPARISON 184 



15 



