A NATURALIST IN BRAZIL 



Coconut-palm, Cocos nucifera, 38-40 



Cocoon, 279 



Coffee, Cafe, Coffea arabica, liberica and others (Rubiaceae), 147-8 



Coffee-beetle, Stephanoderes coffeae (Bruchidae), 149 



Coffee-fungus, Ceylon coffee-leaf disease ; Hemileia vastatrix, 148 



Coffee-scale, Cerococcus parahybensis, 149 



Coffer-fish, 46 



Colaenis, 217 



Conrmelina deficiens, belong to the Commelinaceae, to which the "Jew's beard," 

 Tradescantia, whose leaves resemble those of Commelina, likewise belongs, 

 240 



Condor, 54 



Conifers. In Southern Brazil there are three conifers, Araucaria brasiliensis and 

 two Podocarpi, P. Lamberti and P. Sellowii, in which the "needles" are 

 flat, with midribs, and in the latter tree so large that they remind one of 

 willow-leaves. 85 



Copra, 40 



Coracao de boi, see Anona. 



Coral Snake, Cobra corral. The venomous forms are Elaps corallinus and E. 

 frontalis ; the non-venomous forms are Erythrolamprus Aesculapii and 

 Oxyrhopus trigeminus, 342 



Corcovado, 36, 134 



Coroa de frade, see Cactus. 



Cotinga or Anambe, Cotinga cincta, a glorious blue v^dth violet throat and violet 

 stripes over the belly, 1 75 



Cotton, Algodao, Gossypium (Malvaceae). In Brazil, Gossypium barbadense, 

 hirsutum, Brasiliensis and their hybrids. No less than 40 species are dis- 

 tinguished, of which 7 are wild in Australia and the Polynesian Archi- 

 pelago; the others are native to Upper India, California, Mexico, Yucatan 

 and Brazil. The West-Indian cotton is G. barbadense, from which the 

 perennial variety, "Moco," is derived. The crude cotton, G. hirsutum, also 

 known as "Upland Cotton," comes from Mexico ; it is cultivated chiefly in 

 the Southern United States. It is an annual ; it is cut down at harvest-time 

 and replanted each year. Two-thirds of the world's cotton-crop is yielded 

 by this plant. Cotton is recorded as having been first cultivated in India 

 about 800 B.C. ; in the New World the culture of the plant must have 

 evolved independently, as it was already cultivated long before the dis- 

 covery of America. 1 5 1-4 



Cotton-bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, 191 



Crabs. The crabs occurring in the mangrove-swamps belong to the genus Uca 

 (leptodactyla, vocator). To another genus belongs Ucides cordatus, the 

 food of the working classes in Rio. When the English were once about to 

 land on Hispaniola in the West Indies, the land-crabs coming down to the 

 sea to lay their eggs made such a clatter with their claws that the English 

 commanders believed that Spanish cavalry were approaching, and drew 

 off" again. It is said that a feast of crabs is still held annually in this island. 



54-7 

 Crayfish, Lagosta. Palinuris argus, laevicauda, guttatus, 47 



Crocodile, 60-1 



Croton (Euphorbiaceae), 120 



Crustacea, see Crabs, Prawns, Lobsters, Camarao. 



Cruz, Oswaldo, 349 



Cuckoo-bees, nomads, 295 



380 



