190 



THE PATH OF SCIENCE 



tories and even for research institutes, as shown in Figure 4, 

 does not really operate at all. Instead, the operating system 

 is that shown in Figure 5. 



In a small laboratory, one having less than about twenty 

 scientific men, no department heads for research work are 

 necessary; the men can be responsible to the head of the 



DIRECTOR 



ADMINISTRATIVE 

 STAFF 



EXECUTIVE 

 STAFF 



ffiSSi 



SCIENTISTS 



Figure 4. Formal Organization Chart of a Research Laboratory. 



laboratory, who is generally known as the director. Any 

 "service" or "development" divisions, on the other hand, 

 should have efficient department heads in control of them so 

 that the director can devote his attention to the scientific re- 

 search without being distracted by the demands of those to 

 whom the "service" is given. In a large laboratory, each 

 section engaged in work in a special field should be respon- 

 sible to a department head acting as an assistant director. 

 Thus the organization of a large industrial laboratory might 

 be represented by the chart shown in Figure 6. 



The efficiency of a research laboratory depends to a very 

 great extent upon the director. The qualifications of the 

 director of a research organization are scientific ability, in- 



