APPLIED SCIENCE AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 215 



sources of information such as a reference library, and direc- 

 tion of the work by experienced administrative officers of 

 the laboratory. According to the system in operation at the 

 Mellon Institute, a manufacturer having a problem that re- 

 quires solution may become the donor of a fello^vship, ^vhich 

 provides the salary of the fellow selected, and the Institute 

 supplies laboratory space and the use of all ordinary chemicals 

 and equipment. 



In 1944-1945, there were 94 industrial research programs 

 in operation, employing 242 scientists and 232 assistants. The 

 service staff of the Institute numbered 169, and total expendi- 

 ture was slightly more than $2,000,000. The subjects under 

 investigation were diversified: for instance, catalysis as related 

 to the synthesis of butadiene; utilization of corn products, 

 such as starch, oil, and zein; improvement in ^vaste disposal 

 in streams; structural glass; coal and coke products; synthetic 

 lubricants; properties of cotton fibers; petroleum products; 

 organic silicon resins; industrial hygiene. 



The Battelle Memorial Institute was founded by Gordon 

 Battelle, industrialist, whose will provided for the building 

 and endowment of an independent institute "for the purpose 

 of education . . . the encouragement of creative research 

 . . . and the making of discoveries and inventions" for in- 

 dustry. Its operation began in 1929. 



In its plan, Battelle provides the plant, equipment, and 

 staff. The company or group under whose auspices the re- 

 search is done pays for the time of the personnel assigned to 

 the project and the out-of-pocket costs. Sponsored research 

 at Battelle in 1945 was estimated at $3,000,000, and the lab- 

 oratories housed a staff of approximately 800 technologists 

 and assistants. Each project undertaken is the responsibility 

 of the Institute as a whole, and, using the methods of group 

 research, all equipment and the knowledge of the entire staff 

 of technologists in diversified fields can be brought to bear 

 on the solution to a technological problem. In addition to 

 its research work, Battelle conducts a program that offers 



