Jennings: Manual of Mosses — 15. Mniaceae 139 



enlarging into the short neck of the cylindric-eHiptic capsule; operculum with 

 an upturned slender beak about as long as half the diameter of the capsule; 

 capsule light yellow, 2-3 mm long with red rim at mouth; peristome teeth 

 reddish, lanceolate, minutely papillose, strongly and closely trabeculate below, 

 inner peristome orange; basal membrane nearly one-half height of teeth; seg- 

 ments broad reaching to about three-quarters height of teeth, irregularly and 

 shortly carinate; cilia 3 (2) almost equalling teeth, nodose; spores variable, 

 rather thick-walled, smoothish, elliptic to spherical, .015-.024 mm, ripening in 

 late spring or early summer. 



On the ground in evergreen woods, usually in mountainous or hilly regions. 

 Europe and northern North America, from Nova Scotia to Alaska and south 

 to the northernmost United States. It is reported from eastern Pennsylvania 

 and Maryland, and Ohio, but only once from our region. 



Clearfield Co.: One mile north of Clearfield, Lawrence Twp., on humus soil in 

 hemlock woods. Sidney K. Eastwood, July 4, 1936 (figured). Capsules deoperculate but 

 still full of spores. 



5. Mnium Drummondii Bruch and Schimper 



Bright green, loosely tufted, about 2 cm high, brownish radiculose below; 

 sterile stems more or less stoloniform; leaves slightly crisped when dry, decur- 

 rent, broadly obovate-spatulate, acute to short-acuminate, bordered by 1-4 rows 

 of cells, serrate only above, the teeth single and sharp; costa percurrent; leaf- 

 cells thin-walled, non-coUenchymatous, hexagonal, about .035-. 040 mm; seta 

 slender, reddish; capsules 1-3 (or 4) from flower, pendulous, oblong, yellow- 

 ish; operculum convex-apiculate; outer peristome yellow, papillose; segments 

 about as long; cilia 2 or 3, somewhat appendiculate; spores roughened, yellow- 

 ish, ripening in late spring or early summer. 



Shaded moist rocks or soil; northern Eurasia, and from southern Canada 

 south to Maryland and Pennsylvania. Not yet reported from our part of the 

 State. 



6. Mnium rostratum Schrader, Schwaegrichen 

 {Astrophyllum rostratum Lindberg ) 



Large, loosely cespitose, stoloniferous: stems erect, short, the sterile shoots 

 creeping or arched; leaves broadly oblong or obovate, rounded at both ends, 

 tapering but little at base, at the apex very broadly rounded or almost truncate, 

 short apiculate, the border strong, brownish, serrate in at least the upper half 

 with a single row of short obtuse or almost obsolete teeth; the comal leaves 

 large, up to 5 mm long, those of the sterile shoots complanate-two-ranked; 

 costa excurrent in the short apiculus; leaf-cells incrassate, collenchymatous, 

 about .025-.030 mm, rounded-hexagonal, not radiating in rows from the costa 

 as in ajfirte var. rugJcum, which in the sterile condition it closely resembles: 

 capsules usually 1-3, clustered, sub-pendulous to horizontal, yellowish, oper- 

 culum long-rostrate; peristome-teeth papillose, yellowish, the inner peristome 

 orange; synoicous: mature in spring to early summer. 



On wet rocks and. earth in woods: almost cosmopolitan in the temperate 

 zones, in North America from central and southern Canada south to Virginia, 

 Pennsylvania, Ohio. Montana and Oregon, but apparently rather rare. 



