62 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 6 



more or less castaneous in color; perichaetial leaves similar to stem leaves; seta 

 single, erect, yellowish to brownish, about 1.5 cm high; capsule oblong-cyiindric, 

 slightly curved, yellowish to finally brownish, plicate when dry and empty, the 

 urn about 2.5 mm long; the lid conic, more or less obliquely rostrate, about 

 1.5 mm long, castaneous; annulus narrow; peristome-teeth cleft to below the 

 middle or nearly to the base into linear-subulate, deeply castaneous, articulate, 

 faintly trabeculate, striate-papillose divisions; exothecial cells yellowish-incras- 

 sate, irregularly oblong to rectangular, the upper 3-6 rows much smaller, more 

 deeply colored and incrassate, rounded-quadrate or hexagonal; spores smooth- 

 ish, yellowish, about .022-. 025 mm, not very thick-walled, maturing in early fall. 



Mostly on rotten wood and on roots and trunks of trees, or on rocks. 

 Europe, Asia, and, in North America, from Newfoundland to Tennessee and 

 westward to the Rocky Mountains. 



Now known from Bedford, Butler, Elk, Erie, Huntingdon, Indiana, Fayette, and Som- 

 erset counties. Figured from specimen from Ohio Pyle, on rotterx log, O.E.J, and G.K.J. 



4. Dicranum flagellare Hedwig 



Plate XII 



Rather densely cespitose, bright green above, brownish below, tufts about 

 1 cm high : stem radiculose, often with flagellae in the axils of the upper leaves, 

 erect; leaves crisped and sub-secund when dry, falcate-secund when moist, from 

 an oblong base narrowed gradually into a subulate acumen, strongly involute to 

 near the apex, apex serrate; costa strong, about one-fourth to one-third the 

 width of the leaf-base, percurrent, serrate dorsally at the apex; alar leaf-cells 

 large, distinct, inflated-quadrate, rather thin-walled, colored, reaching nearly to 

 the costa, the leaf-cells above loosely elongate-rectangular, farther above be- 

 coming shorter, above the middle rounded-quadrate, incrassate; perichaetial 

 leaves shorter, abruptly subulate-acuminate from a sheathing base: seta erect, 

 sinistrorse when dry; reddish to yellowish-brown, about 2 cm. long; capsule 

 erect, cylindric, symmetric, reddish-brown, about 2.5 mm long, when dry striate 

 and often slightly curved; lid obliquely long-rostrate, lustrous, brown; peristome- 

 teeth trabeculate, articulate, confluent at base, cleft to two-thirds to three- 

 fourths, the lower two- thirds reddish and more or less vertically striate-papillose, 

 hyaline above; annulus delicate; exothecial cells elongate, strongly laterally 

 incrassate with thinner end-walls, several series at the rim much smaller and 

 rounded-quadrate; calyptra reaching to the middle of the capsule, fugacious; 

 spores globose, slightly roughened, yellow-incrassate, .018-.022 mm in diameter, 

 mature in summer. 



On decayed logs and stumps and on bases of trees in moist woods. In 

 Europe, Asia, and, in North America, from Nova Scotia to British Columbia 

 and south to the Carolinas and Mexico. 



■Rather common in our region. Known from Beaver, Bedford, Blair, Butler, Cambria, 

 Cumeron, Erie, Fayette, Forest. Huntingdon (Porter), McKean, Somerset, Washington, 

 and Westmoreland counties. Specimen figured: N^ellon Estate (Rachelwood) near New 

 Florence. Sept. 8-10, 1907. O.E.J. 



