92 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 6 



ate regions, mainly on calcareous rocks or soils; about 40 species occurring in 

 North America; only one species thus far reported in our region. 



Key to the Species 



A. Small; leaves when dry contorted and twisted; basal membrane low B 



A. Medium to robust; basal membrane high and tessellated D 



B. Teeth rather short, erect or slightly wound C 



B. Teeth long, once to several times wound (T. muralis [Linnaeus] Hedwig) 



C. Cells of leaf-margin not distinctly differentiated into a border 



(T. plinthobia [Sull.] Broth.) 



C. Cells distinctly differentiated at margin into a border 



(T. Porteri [James and Aust.] Broth.) 



D. On trees; leaves deeply concave, margins involute; costa spinulose-aristate 



1. Tortula papulosa 



D. On soil or stones; leaves not deeply concave; margin not revolute; costa smooth- 

 cuspidate (T. ruralis [Hedwig] Smith) 



1. Tortula papillosa Wilson, mss.. Spring 



(Barbula papillosa C. Mueller) 

 Plate LXII 



Loosely cespitose, green, brownish in drying: stem short, up to 1 cm; 

 leaves erect-spreading, when dry appressed but scarcely twisted, broadly obo- 

 vate-spatulate, sometimes fiddle-shaped (panduriform), with margins involute, 

 the apex rounded to short-acute; costa thick and spongy, dorsally papillose, 

 above ventrally often bearing numerous shortly pedicellate multicellular 

 gemmae, excurrent-mucronate or cuspidate; basal leaf-cells rectangular, a few 

 hyaline, upper leaf-cells pellucid, incrassate, more or less collenchymatous, 

 large, ventrally smooth, dorsally simply papillose: capsule, known thus far 

 only from Australia and New Zealand, reddish-brown, short, with a short seta. 



On tree-trunks (in America often on elms), rarely on rocks in open places. 

 South America, New Zealand, Australia, Europe, and, in North America, 

 ranging south in the Atlantic States to North Carolina and west to Michigan. 

 Rare and always sterile in our region. Blair Co.: Tyrone, T. P. James. (Porter's 

 Catalogue). Washington Co.: On bark of elm tree near Washington. Linn &: Simon- 

 ton. April 7, 1894 (figured) and March 16, 1894. 



Family 6. Encalyptaceae 



Autoicous, rarely dioicous: robust, usually densely cespitose, bright green, 

 the inside of the cushion rust-colored: stem 3-5-angled with little or no central 

 strand, erect, brown-radiculose, thickly-leaved, branched dichotomously; leaves 

 erect-spreading, when dry folded and twisted, more or less lingulate, acute to 

 obtuse, margins plane to undulate; costa highly developed, usually percurrent 

 to very shortly excurrent, prominent dorsally and dorsally papillose or toothed; 

 cells in upper two-thirds of leaf rather symmetrically hexagonal, chlorophyllose, 

 opaque, thickly papillose on both sides, in the lower third the cells much 

 larger, without chlorophyll, rectangular to rhombic, hyaline or slightly colored, 

 smooth, bordered by a few rows of narrow, elongate, and yellowish cells: seta 

 0.5-2.5 cm long, erect; capsule erect, symmetric, cylindric, smooth or plicate, 

 mostly with a short neck; annulus present; peristome varying from none to 



