Jenning: Manual of Mosses — 6. Encalyptaceae 93 



well-developed, usually of 16 teeth; operculum from a conic base very long 

 and slenderly erect-rostrate; calyptra cylindric-campanulate ("extinguisher- 

 like"), long-rostrate, straight, completely enclosing the capsule, the border 

 fringed; spores large and papillose. 



A world-wide family mostly on soil and rocks, occurring in the tropics, 

 however, only on the higher mountains. At least 30 species; 2 in our region. 

 The family embraces but one genus, with characters as given for the family. 



1. Encalypta Schreber, Hedwig 



Key to the Specihs 



A. Monoicous: no gemmae; peristome single; capsule smooth; leaf-apex with distinct 



point 1. E. ciliata 



A. Dioicous: clusters of slender brown gemmae in axils of leaves: peristome double; 



capsule spirally striate; leaf-apex obtuse to bluntly mucronate 2. E. streptocarpa 



1. Encalypta ciliata Hedwig 



(Leersia laciniata Hedwig; Leersia ciliata Hedwig) 



Loosely cespitose, bright green: stems branched, 1-2.5 cm high, densely 

 radiculose below; leaves large, broadly obovate-oblong to Ungulate, rounded 

 at ape.x, apiculate, plane-margmed and narrowly recurved below, spreading 

 when moist, crisped and incurved when dry; costa yellov.'ish, ending just below 

 apex or percurrent; basal cells lax, hyaline, rectangular, walls red, the marginal 

 paler and narrower in several rows, the upper leaf -eel Is opaque, densely papil- 

 lose, hexagonal-quadrate, the walls pellucid, cells about .015 mm across: seta 

 long, erect, yellowish to reddish, dextrorse; capsule cylindric, reddish-brown, 

 smooth, constricted below mouth and smooth when dry, at base abruptly 

 tapering into the seta; peristome single, the teeth 16, lanceolate, reddish, in- 

 serted below the rim, irregularly divided in some specimens, papillose, articu- 

 late, strongly incurved when moist; annulus none; exotherial cells smaller in 

 several rows at the rim; lid erect, nearly as long as urn, narrow, slenderly ros- 

 trate-clavate; calyptra straw-colored, mitrate, cylindric, slenderly rostrate, ex- 

 tending below the base of capsule, the lower margin fringed with a row of 

 narrowly lanceolate teeth; spores roughened, mature in late summer or early 

 fall: autoicous. 



In crevices or shaded places on rocks and walls, almost cosmopolitan in 

 mountainous or hilly regions; in North America from the Arctic region south 

 to the northern United States. Reported from the adjacent states of New 

 York and Ohio and to be expected from the northern part of our range. 



2. Encalypta streptocarpa Hedwig 



(E. contort a Lindberg) 



Extinguisher Moss 



Plate LXII 

 Densely cespitose, dull or yellowish-green; stems up to 3 to 6 or 7 cm 

 high, branched, densely radiculose at base; leaves rather crowded, spreading, 

 when dry twisted and crisped, large, 5-6 mm long, oblong-lingulate, sometimes 



