192 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 6 



mouthed, about 2.5 x 0.6 mm; lid rather long and with a slender, curved 

 rostrum; annulus large, rather persistent; peristome-teeth long, lance-linear, 

 closely articulate; the segments somewhat shorter, linear-subulate, free from 

 the teeth, these latter densely papillose; spores mature in fall or early winter. 

 In shaded situations on soil and decaying logs and on bases and roots of 

 trees in moist situations, often near water-courses: northern Eurasia and from 

 New Jersey to Missouri and northwards to Rhode Island and Nebraska. 



Rare in our region. Beaver Co.: On base of elm tree along Raccoon Creek one mile 

 south of Traverse Creek. April 1, 1934. C.M.B. (figured). Washington Co.: On 

 root in damp spot. Taylorstown. Linn and Simonton. Apr. 29, 1899. 



2. Entodon cladorhizans Schimper 



{Cylindrothecium cladorhizans Schimper; Neckera cladorhizans Hedwig) 



Plate XXXVI 



Cespitose in wide tufts, brightly lustrous, yellowish-green: stems com- 

 pressed, somewhat pinnately branched, rather acuminate and sometimes up- 

 curved at the apex; branches complanate and spreading widely from the stem, 

 more or less acuminate to attenuate at the apex, where sometimes rooting; 

 leaves loosely imbricate, very concave, non-plicate, narrowed at the apex, 

 margin plane or narrowly revolute below, apex sub-acute, faintly serrulate, 

 usually turned slightly backwards; leaves ovate to oblong, about 1-2 mm long 

 by one-half as wide; costa double, short and indistinct, or none; median leaf- 

 cells long-linear, prosenchymatous, smooth, with firm and hyaline walls, the 

 alar hyaline to somewhat reddish, incrassate, quadrate-rectangular in a tri- 

 angular patch of 6-8 rows in depth, bordered by a few intermediate, sub-quad- 

 rate to sub-vermicular cells, the apical cells shorter and rhombic: seta erect, 

 smooth, sinistrorse, rich castaneous in color, lustrous, about 8-12 mm long; 

 capsule about 4 6:1, oblong-cylindric, tapering abruptly to the seta, smooth, 

 not sulcate when dry, castaneous, narrowed somewhat at the mouth, 2.5-3.5 

 mm long; annulus early deciduous, large, pluri-seriate with incrassate quadrate 

 cells; exothecial cells yellowish with thin walls, rectangular to oblong, towards 

 the rim suddenly much smaller and incrassate, more or less laterally oblong 

 under the annulus; operculum conic-rostrate, about 0.4-0.6 mm, long, often 

 apiculate; peristome double, deeply inserted, teeth light-castaneous, about 16- 

 20-articulate, below lightly papillose-striate in variously divergent or radiating 

 lines, not finely transversely striate as in most hypnaceous peristomes, some- 

 times perforate, (lacunose) above; segments distinct, linear, very narrow, 

 carinate, hyaline, very slightly granulose-roughened, entire, nearly as long 

 as the teeth, arising from a very narrow basal membrane; cilia none; spores 

 papillose, incrassate, castaneous, about .016-020 mm, mature in late autumn 

 or early winter. 



On leaf -mould, rotting logs, bases of trees, etc.; Europe, and, in America, 



from New Bruswick to Ontario and south to the Gulf States. 



Common in our region. Known from Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bedford, Butler, 

 Crawford, Fayette, Indiana, Lawrence, McKean, Somerset, Washington, and Westmore- 

 land counties, nearly all in the southwestern corner of the State. Specimen figured: Wild- 

 wood Hollow, Allegheny Co., March 29, 1909. O.E.J. SC G.K.J. 



