256 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 6 



times up to 15 or 20 cm long, divided, the fern-like shoot of each year ascend- 

 ing from the side of the upper third of the preceding year's shoot, the divisions 

 usually complanately and loosely bi- to tri-pinnate; stem-leaves crowded, erect- 

 spreading to loosely imbricate, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 2-3 mm long, 

 the insertion wide, the upper portion of the leaf abruptly acuminate into a 

 slender, transversely undulate and flexuous point, or sometimes shorter and 

 obtuse, the leaves basally plicate, sub-decurrent, somewhat concave, recurved 

 at margin below, denticulate and dorsally spinulosely papillose above; branch- 

 leaves usually acute, smaller and non-plicate, concave, elliptic-oblong; costa 

 double and reaching to one-fourth or one-third the length of the leaf, but 

 faint; median leaf -cells linear-flexuous, about 8-10:1, the lower more or less 

 porose, the basal orange-pellucid, incrassate and larger, but not forming dis- 

 tinct auricular groups; perichaetial bracts long, the inner erect, narrowly acumi- 

 nate and sheathing: seta about 1.5-2.0 cm long, red, usually stiff, curved, 

 when dry wrinkled and sometimes sinistrorse; capsule oblong-ovate, orange- 

 brown, somewhat turgid, usually horizontally inclined, the urn about 2-3 mm 

 long; peristome hypnoid, the teeth basally confluent, trabeculate, lamellate, 

 dorsally striolate below, papillose above, brownish; segments about as long, 

 widely carinately gaping, yellowish, the three slender, nodose cilia about as long, 

 the basal membrane about two-fifths as high as the teeth; lid rostrate; exothecial 

 cells brownish, rather thin-walled, rectangular to hexagonal, several rows at the 

 rim much smaller; spores smooth, medium-walled, .010-.014 mm, mature in 

 spring. 



On stones and logs m cool, rich, moist mountain woods and ravines; 

 Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and, in North America from the Arctic regions 

 south to North Carolina. 



Not common in our region. Bedford Co.: On big blocks of "gannister" on the open 

 rock talus slope in gap west of White Sulphur Springs. O.E.J. June 15, 1941. Blair 

 Co.: T. C. Porter. (Porter's Catalogue). Clarion Co.: Thorns Run, Cook Forest. S. 

 K. Eastwood. Sept. 15, 1935. Elk Co.: McMinn. (Porter's Catalogue). Jefferson 

 Co.: Kate Stoy. McKean Co.: On logs and on ground over leaves, Rutherford Run, 

 April 25, 1893, West Branch Swamp, on logs, October 15, 1893, and on rich, shaded 

 banks over leaves, Manila Brook, June 30, 1895 (figured), all Bradford. D.A.B. Tioga 

 Co.: On wet cliff near Leetonia. S. K. Eastwood. Sept. 6, 1936. Washington Co.: 

 Linn and Simonton. (Porter's Catalogue). 



2. Hylocomium umbratum [Ehrhart] Bryologia Europaea 



{Hypnum umbratuin Ehrhart) 



Plate XLVIII 



Slender, not so large and not complanately branched as in H. splendcns, 

 more erect and forming loose, green tufts often 12 or 15 cm high, sometimes 

 yellowish, somewhat lustrous: stems rigid, pinnately or bi-pinnately, bushily 

 branched, the branchlets unequal, often drooping, sometimes distinctly flagel- 

 liform, the stems reddish, bearing numerous conspicuous and branched para- 

 phyllia; stem-leaves quite broadly triangular-ovate, rather distant, rather 

 spreading, about 2 mm long, acute to long-acuminate, decurrent, strongly pli- 



