302 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 6 



closely similar; costa distinct, reaching to one-half to four-fifths the length of 

 the leaf, dorsally ending in a spine; median cells about 5-8:1, prosenchymatous, 

 medium-walled, the apical rhomboid, shorter, about 2-4:1, the basal shorter 

 and incrassate, the alar forming an indistinct group of thick-walled quadrate 

 to rectangular cells; perichaetial leaves up to 2 mm long, ovate-oblong, sheath- 

 ing, acuminate, serrate above: seta dark-castaneous, stout, strongly papillose, 

 1-1.5 cm long; capsule inclined to horizontal, arcuately oblong-cylindric, nar- 

 rowed below the rim but slightly when dry, the urn about 2 mm long by 1 

 mm thick, castaneous; operculum conic and slenderly rostrate, yellowish, about 

 1 mm long; exothecial cells yellowish-incrassate, at the rim rounded-quadrate 

 in about two series, below larger oblong-rectangular; annulus narrow, 2- 

 seriate; peristome-teeth castaneous, slender, hyaline-papillose at apex, strongly 

 trabeculate, narrowly margined, the dorsal lamellae often in three series 

 towards the base, striolate in various directions; segments about as long as 

 teeth, slender, narrowly carinately gaping between nodes, the basal membrane 

 about two-fifths as high as teeth, the cilia usually t\vo, slender, nodose to short- 

 ly appendiculatc, nearly as long as segments; spores slightlv papillose, yellow- 

 ish, medium-walled, about .011-.015 mm in diameter, mature in late fall or 

 early winter. 



On the ground in moist, shady places in woods, etc., in Europe, Asia, and, 

 in North America from Nova Scotia south to the Gulf east of the Mississippi. 



Apparently not common in our region. Allegheny Co.: Clay stream-bank, South 

 Park. H. N. Mozingo. March 11, 1945. Erie Co.: In woods near Lagoon Boathouse, 

 Presque Isle, Nelle Ammons. July 22, 1933. Fayette Co.: Ohio Pyle, September 1-3, 

 1906. O.E.J, and G.K.J. McKean Co.: On shaded banks of rivoilet, Bennett Brook, 

 April 9, 1893, Marilla Brook, September 29, 1894 (figured), and on ground over leaf- 

 mold, April 19, 1897. All near Bradford. D.A.B. Washington Co.: Shady bank, 

 Oak Grove Station, Nov. 5, 1892; on the ground. Oak Grove Station, Dec. 5, 1891; 

 and Snake Woods, Nov. 19, 1892,^ in the vicinity of Washington; and on stone, Clays- 

 ville, Dec. 17, 1892 all A. Linn and J. S. Simonton. 



7. EuRHYNCHlUM Bryologia Europaea 



Dioicous and pseudoautoicous : slender to robust, laxly or densely cespitose, 

 green to yellowish, drying stiff and more or less lustrous: stem creeping to 

 ascending, often more or less stolon-like, here and there fasciculate, often bear- 

 ing flagellae, pinnate to fasciculate or even dendroid; branches more or less 

 densely-leaved; leaves often dimorphic, mostly plicate; stem-leaves spreading 

 to squarrose, more or less concave, ovate-cordate to triangular-cordate from a 

 narrowed and more or less decurrent base, margins plane, serrate, the apex 

 short and broad to long and narrow; costa simple, more or less elongate, often 

 ending as a dorsal spine; median leaf-cells smooth, prosenchymatous, narrow, 

 at base shorter and usually incrassate and p)orose, the alar differentiated; inner 

 perichaetial leaves with squarrose-reflexed, subulate tips: seta mostly smooth; 

 capsule cernuous, sometimes horizontal, ovate to sub-cylindric, more or less 

 dorsally gibbous; peristome as in Brachythecitim; lid long and finely rostrate; 

 calyptra glabrous. 



A genus of about 14 species, on rocks, earth, or bark, almost entirely in 



