114 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 6 



D. Leaves linear-lanceolate, often secund; spores smaller 



(E. serratum var. angustatum Bryologia Europaea) 



C. Costa percurrent or vanishing near the apex D 



C. Costa excurrent and quite strong G 



D. Upper leaves broadly lanceolate to elongate-lanceolate E 



D. Upper leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate F 



E. Capsule short, obtuse; costa effaced at base, upwards towards the afsex continuous 



2. E. cohaerans 



E. Capsule acutely beaked; costa loosely areolate, scarcely distinct except towards the 



short, entire, pointed apex (£. pallidum Schimper) 



F. Calyptra smooth G 



F. Calyptra papillose (£. crassinervium var. papillosum (Austin) R. &C C.) 



G. Leaves linear-lanceolate; costa excurrent, weak at base, serrate at ajjex 



3. E. crassinervium 



G. Leaves linear; costa usually strong and wide at base, decidedly excurrent and strongly 

 spinulose (£. spinulosum Schimper) 



1. Ephemerum serratum (Hedwig) Hampe 



(Phascum serratum Schreber) 

 Plate LXIV 



Protonema abundant, branched, persistent, alga-Iike, growing on wet soil. 

 Plants minute, under the hand-lens looking like little buds. Leaves up to 1 or 

 1.5 mm long, ecostate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate down to the 

 middle or beyond; leat-cells irregularly rhomboid-hexagonal to rectangular and 

 up to 6:1. Antheridia usually 3 or 4, narrowly obovoid, about half the length 

 of the longest leaves. (Capsule not seen but described as "shining globular 

 to kidney-shaped, warty, maturing winter to spring." — Grout) . 



On open, wet soil. Rare. New York to Ohio and North Carolina; 

 California. 



Erie Co.: Around margins of Old Fog Horn Pond, Presque Isle. July 27, 1933. 

 Nelle Ammons (figured). 



2. Ephemerum cohaerans (Hedwig) Hampe 



{Phascum cohaerans Hedwig) 



Plants minute, 1-1.5 mm high, densely gregarious or somewhat cespitose: 

 protonema persistent, green or yellowish with age; leaves lance-ovate to lance- 

 oblong, erect-spreading, acute, serrate above; costa thin, stronger above, ending 

 in the apex or just below; leaf-cells lax, oblong-hexagonal, rather thin-walled: 

 capsule sub-sessile, castaneous, sub-globose, obtusely apiculate, bearing stomata 

 all over; calyptra more or less lobed or torn at base; spores large, .060-.080 

 mm, coarsely tuberculate, mature in late autumn: dioicous. 



On moist sandy or clayey soil, Europe and, in eastern North America, 

 south to Louisiana. Not yet collected in our region but occurring in eastern 

 Pennsylvania and in Ohio. 



3. Ephemeru.m crassinervium (Schwaegrichen) C. Mueller, not Hampe 



{Phascum crassinervium Schwaegrichen) 

 Plants minute, not over 1 mm high, gregarious: green protonema persistent; 

 leaves erect-spreading, flexuous, linear-lanceolate, slenderly long-acuminate, 



