Jennings: Manual of Mosses — 12. Funariaceae 115 



rather coarsely serrate above, marginally plane; costa flat, faint below, stronger 

 above, excurrent, denticulate dorsally above; leaf-cells more or less rectangular 

 to oblong-hexagonal, thin-walled: capsule with a very short seta, immersed, 

 globose, apiculate; the capsule about half-covered by the cleft-lobate, mitrate- 

 conic calyptra; spores large, papillose, mature in late fall to early spring. 



On moist earth, often in swamps, eastern North America from Connecti- 

 cut to Florida and Illinois It occurs in central Ohio and eastern Pennsyl- 

 vania and is, probably, the plant collected by James in Indiana County as 

 reported in Porter's Catalogue, but specimen not seen. 



Family 12. FuNARIACEAE 



Autoicous or paroicous, rarely dioicous or synoicous: annual or rarely 

 biennial, low, mostly light green, gregarious or loosely cespitose: stem mostly 

 with a central strand, radiculose only at the base; leaves soft, wide, the upper 

 larger and forming a rosette, concave, margin plane to involute, entire or den- 

 ticulate upwards, sometim.es bordered; costa delicate, rarely excurrent, with 

 two large basal guides, rarely lacking; leaf-cells large, parenchymatous, thin- 

 walled, never papillose, but slightly chlorophyllose, oblong-rectangular below, 

 rhombic-hexagonal above: seta mostly erect and red, twisted; capsule either 

 erect, symmetric and globose to pyriform, or cemuous and arcuate-pyriform; 

 collum mostly distinct; annulus rarely present; peristome inserted back of the 

 periphery to the distance of the thickness of several cells, simple or double, 

 rudimentary or none; teeth, if present, 16, obliquely dextrorse, strongly trabecu- 

 late; segments, if present, 16, opposite the teeth, with no basal membrane; 

 columella mostly thick; spores mostly medium-sized; operculum mostly weakly 

 convex, sometimes umbonate or none; calyptra various, often inflated, usually 

 rostrate and cucullate. 



Key to the Genera 



A. Capsule immersed - B 



A. Capsule exserted C 



B. Capsule more or less regularly dehiscing at about the equator 1. Aphanorhegma 



B. Capsule with distinct operculum, smaller than urn 2. Physcom.tTium 



C. Capsules unsymmetric, peristomate, usually with a double peristome; seta much 



longer than stem 3. Funaria 



1. Aphanorhegma Sullivant 



Paroicous, rarely synoicous: low, gregarious to almost cespitose. pale gr:en; 

 stem radiculose at base, loosely foliate below, densely foliate above; leaves 

 spreading or the upper almost erect, obovate to oblong or spatulate-lanceolate, 

 acute, serrate in the upper half; costa ending below the apex; leaf-cells lax, the 

 basal rectangular, the upper oblong-hexagonal, the marginal forming a narrow 

 uniseriate border: sera rudimentary; capsule spherical, without a collum, laxly 

 areolate; annulus none; peristome none; spores large, densely spinulose; oper- 

 culum half-spherical, of same size as urn, obtusely apiculate; calyptra ccnic- 

 mitrate, lobed, glabrous. 



