118 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 6 



2. Physcomitrium turbinatum (Michaux) Bridel 



{Phasciim strangulatum Kindberg; P. Hookeri Macoun) 



Turk's-Cap Moss; Urn Moss 



Plate XX 



Gregarious, often densely so, light green; stems 3-5 mm high, erect, usua'Iy 

 simple; leaves 3-5 mm long, lance-oblong to obovate-lanceolate, slightly ser- 

 rulate above the middle, flat and spreading when moist, somewhat crisped and 

 incurved when dry; capsule erect, 1.5-2 mm high, globose to pyriiorm, whan 

 dry becoming turbinate and constricted below the mouth and at the base, final- 

 ly becoming brown and urn-shaped; exothecial cells slightly incrassatc, rhom- 

 boid to hexagonal, the mouth bordered by about 9-12 rows of laterally 

 somewhat elongated cells and a narrow fringe of orange-pellucid and much 

 smaller cells in 1-3 rows; operculum convex, bluntly mamillate to sub-rostrate; 

 calyptra somewhat oblique, rostrate, unequally split at base into 3-5 lobes; 

 spores decidedly papillose, orange-pellucid, in our specimens measuring about 

 .016-.040 mm, mature in May and June, occasionally later: autoicous. 



Common on bare earth in fields, along roadsides, etc., from Quebec to 



Florida and v/est to the Rocky Mountains, and also in California. 



Known from Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Crawford, Fayette, Lawrence, 

 McKean, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and Westmoreland counties. Specimen fig- 

 ured: Douthett, Allegheny County, June 5, 1909. O.E.J. 



3. Fun ARIA Schreber, Hedwig 



Autoicous: the antheridial inflorescences discoid, terminal, the archegoniil 

 on innovations: gregarious to cespitose: stem usually simple, radiculose at 

 base; lower leaves distant, small, the upper becoming much larger, those at the 

 apex more or less upright and tufted or gemmiform, entire or serrate, more 

 or less acute; costa incomplete to excurrent; areolation lax, elongate-rectangular 

 to rhombic, at the margin sometimes longer and narrower, forming a border: 

 seta elongated, erect or cygneous at fruiting time, later erect and twisted; 

 capsule with a thick colliim or elongate-pyriform, symmetric to oblique^ arcu- 

 ate, with a narrow mouth, smooth to plicate, erect to cernuous; annulus large- 

 celled, revolute or none; peristome deeply inserted, double in our species; teeth 

 lance-subulate, reddish to brownish-red, obliquely ascnding to the right; seg- 

 ments as long or shorter, yellow, papillose, opposite the teeth; spores medium; 

 operculum flat or convex; calyptra long-persistent, inflated-cucullate, long- 

 rostrate, smooth, entire. 



A large cosmopolitan genus of about 200 species (including Entosthodjn) , 

 on soil; about 25 species in North America, 3 in our range. 



Key to the Species 



A. Body of capsule neither striate nor plicate; no annulus 1. F. americanj 



A. Capsule striate and more or less plicate; annulus curlmg off B 



B. Leaves long acuminate; costa very often excurrent; segments less than Yl length of 



teeth 2. F. flavicans 



B. Leaves short acuminate; costa mostly percurrent; segments more than Yi ^^^ length 



of teeth 3. F. hygrometrica 



