PAPIN 123 



Leibniz advised Papin strongly against moving to England; 

 and the change turned out to be fatal to him. For the 

 purpose of the journey he had constructed a small ship 

 (capable of carrying four thousand pounds), which he 

 provided with paddles, such as he had already seen in use in 

 England when previously there; these were to be driven by 

 hand. With this he intended to travel down the rivers 

 Fulda and Weser with his family and property to Bremen, 

 where the ship was to be sent over on another ship, since he 

 intended to fit it in England with the cylinder and piston 

 for use with steam. 



Before his departure he showed the ship to the Landgrave, 

 on the river Fulda. It was destroyed near Miinden by the 

 river sailors, who would not tolerate the presence of strange 

 ships, and in England he found himself entirely without 

 assistance. His one-time patrons Boyle and Hooke were 

 dead; the Royal Society would not interest itself in the many 

 plans which he laid before them. He died, obviously in 

 great poverty, and finally lost to view, probably in the first 

 half of the year 171 2. 



Though Papin's fate was sealed, the further development 

 of the steam engine nevertheless started from his idea of 

 replacing the powder gases in Huygens' piston and cylinder 

 machine by steam, and Leibniz's proposal for automatic 

 operation was also soon carried out, though it was re- 

 invented. Hooke had given Papin's publication of 1690 to 

 an iron merchant, and very skilful smith, Newcomen, who 

 carried it out with great industry, and then joined forces in 

 the year 1705 with Savery, who had already pumped 

 water by using a simple steam boiler, without cylinder 

 and piston, in the year 1699, as we have already mentioned. 

 Thus in the year 171 1 the first low pressure steam engine 

 with boiler, cylinder, and piston, and soon also automatic 

 operation of the valves, came into continuous service. 

 Its reciprocatory motion served for operating the drainage 



