Bailey &. Bailey: Woody Plants of National Parks 21 



Needles 1 to l'/^ inches long; cones slender-egg-shaped, the scales 

 with long slender prickles; in Bryce Canyon National Park 

 Bnstlecone pine {P. anstala). 



B. Trees with scale-like or awl-shaped leaves; fruits cones or berries. 



Leaves awl-shaped, spreading from the twigs ; cones l'/2 to about 3'/2 inches long, 

 the scales much thickened at the tips, not overlapping; in Sierra Nevada 



parks - Bigtree (Sequoia ^igantea). 



Leaves scale-like, closely appressed to the twigs; cones small, woody, or fleshy and 



berry-like CuPREssACEAE. 



Fruits woody cones, composed of few scales; leafy twigs more or less flattened. 



Cones oblong; in southern Cascades and Sierra Nevada parks 



Incense cedar (Lihocedrus decurrens^. 



Cones roundish ; in northern parks only. 



Cone-scales thinnish, overlapping; trees of middle elevations THUJA. 



Large trees 100 to 200 feet high; cones with usually 6 fertile 



scales; in Northwest Western red cedar (7". plicala). 



Smaller trees not over 60 feet high; cones with usually 4 fertile 



scales; eastern species 



Northern white cedar (7". occidenialis) . 



Cone-scales umbrella-shaped and attached to a central core; trees of 



higher elevations in the Northwest 



Alaska cedar {Chamaecyparis nootl^alensis) . 



Fruits berry-like, blue with a bloom or becoming reddish; leafy twigs cord-like 



JUNIPERUS. 



Trees found in Sierra Nevada parks, at high elevations 



Western jumper (/. occidenialis). 



Trees found in Southwest and Rocky Mountain parks, at middle elevations. 

 Foliage rather coarse, yellowish-green; common component of pinon- 



juniper forests of the Southwest 



Utah juniper (/. utahensis'). 



Foliage finer, dark green; in Southwest and Rocky Mountain parks 



Rocky Mountain red cedar (/. scopulorum'). 



n. Trees with broad leaves; fruits various. 



A. Leaves not lobeu nor divided, or leaves pinnately lobed. 

 1. Flowers inconspicuous, male and female home separalelv ; petals none. 



a. Both poilen-bearing and seed-bearing flowers borne in catkins, these 

 sometimes woody and cone-like. 



Fruits small 1 -celled capsules containing cottony seeds; scales below fruits small and 



inconspicuous Salicaceae. 



Leaves commonly broad (except narrowleaf cottonwood) ; scales of catkins 



lobed POPULUS. 



Leaf-stalks flattened at base of blade, the blades broadly egg-shaped to 

 roundish, triangular, or nearly heart-shaped. 



Capsules thin, slender-conical. 



Leaf-margins toothed to nearly entire; widespread in the parks 



Quaking aspen (P. iremuloides) . 



Leaf -margins coarsely and irregularly toothed; eastern species 



Bigtooth aspen {P. grandideniahim). 



