Bailey & Bailey: Woody Plants of National Parks 23 



Leaves heart-shaped at base; scales of catkins smooth; bark dark 



brown Sweet birch {B. lenia). 



Leaves mostly wedge-shaped at base; scales of catkms hairy; bark 



yellow or whitish Yellow birch (C lutea) . 



b. Pollen-bearing flowers borne in catkins; seed-bearing flowers in tiny 



clusters, at hrst. 



Leaves broadly to narrowly egg-shaped, the margins finely toothed; fruits not acorns. 



Leaves light green; fruits enclosed in bladdery sacs borne in small clusters 



Western hophornbeani {Oslrva Knowlloni). 



Leaves dark green; fruits dryish berries Hackberry (Ce/d's Douglaii). 



Leaves mostly oblong to elliptic, deeply lobed to not lobed, the margins toothed or 



not toothed; fruits acorns QUERCUS. 



Leaves % to 3 mches long, mostly not lobed, sometimes toothed. 



Deciduous trees; leaves not toothed, sometimes shallowly lobed; in Sequoia 



National Park California blue oak (Q. Doiiglasi). 



Evergreen trees; leaves with smooth or spine-toothed margins; in Sierra 

 Nevada parks. 



Leaves green and smooth on both sides 



Interior live oak (Q. IVislizeni) . 



Leaves yellowish- fuzzy below Canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis) . 



Leaves 2 to 8 inches long, conspicuously lobed. 



Lobes rounded; in Southwest Rocky Mountain white oak (Q. utahensis). 



Lobes pointed, bristle-tipped ; not in Southwest. 



Leaves 2 to 4 inches long, not toothed; semi-evergreen 



Evergreen black oak (Q. morehus). 



Leaves 4 to 8 inches long, the lobes with few coarse teeth; deciduous 

 trees. 



Leaves lustrous green above; scales of acorn-cup rather loosely 



imbricated; western species 



California black oak (Q. Kelloggi). 



Leaves usually dull on upper surface; scales of acorn-cup closely 



appressed ; eastern species Red oak (Q. borealis). 



2. Flowers s/ioipp, male and female parls borne together m same flower; 

 petals present or with petal-lilfe sepals or bracts. 



Leaves alternate. 



Deciduous trees; leaves with margins toothed; fruits small apples; in North- 

 west parks Oregon crabapple {Mains fusca). 



Evergreen trees; leaves not toothed; fruits not apples; not in Northwest. 



Leaves oblong to lance-shaped, 35/2 'o 4'/2 inches long; flowers with petal- 

 like sepals, yellow, borne in small clusters; fruits olive-like 



- Oregon myrtle {Umbelliilaria calif ornica) . 



Leaves narrowly elliptic to egg-shaped, 3 to 6 inches long; flowers white, 

 bell-shaped, borne in showy clusters at the ends of the branches; 

 fruits red berries Madrono {Arbutus Menziesi) . 



Leaves opfxysite; flower-clusters surrounded by 4 white petal-like bracts; fruits red 



berries, borne in heads Pacific dogwood (Corniis Nuttalli}. 



