Bailey & Bailey: Woody Plants of National Parks 59 



flowers appearing with the leaves; cones with at least some of the stems as 

 long as or longer than the cones; fruits with conspicuous winged margins 

 almost as wide as the nudet. (Syn. A. viridis var. stniiata Regel., A., sitch- 

 ensis Sarg.) 



Occurrence. — Olympic, abundant, 1,000 to 3,000 feet: Mount Angeles; lower slopes 

 of Mount Seattle above Low Divide; Duckabush River. MOUNT RAINIER, abundant, 

 2,500 to 5,000 feet: near head of Stevens Canyon: Nisqually Valley. CRATER LAKE: 

 Government Camp; south shore Crater Lake. GLACIER, abundant, 4,500 to 7,500 feet: 

 Going-to-the-Sun Highway west of Logan Pass; Swiftcurrent Lake and Valley; trail 

 to Iceberg Lake; Mineral Creek at Cattle Queen snowshoe cabm; Gunsight Lake; East 

 Glacier Campground. 



4. American Green Alder {Alnus cnspa (Ait.) Pursh.). — Tall 

 shrub; leaves round-oval to egg-shaped or slightly heart-shaped, 1 to 2^2 

 inches long, glutinous, smooth on both sides or slightly hairy on the main 

 veins below, finely and irregularly toothed; flowers developing with the leaves; 

 fertile catkins from scale-covered buds, slender-stalked; seed-like fruits with 

 thin conspicuous wings. This species is generally found at the margins of 

 lakes and bays or along streams. (Syn. A. viridis of American authors.) 



Occurrence. — ISLE ROYALE, common: Mott Island; Rock Harbor Lighthouse; Wash- 

 ington Harbor. 



Beaked Filbert, Hazelnut (Corylus rostrata Ait.) and California 

 Filbert, California Hazel (Var. caltjom.ca A. DC), fig. 15. — Many- 

 stemmed shrubs 3 to 10 feet high, or sometimes small trees, particularly in 

 the Pacific coast form; leaves egg-shaped to roundish with pointed or rounded 

 tips, U/z to 4 inches long, irregularly toothed, thinnish, softly hairy and 

 velvety to the touch; nuts round to oval, about 1/2 inch in diameter, each 

 surrounded by an involucral sheath contracted at the tip of the nut and pro- 

 longed into a fringed tube 1/2 to II4 inches long. (Syn. C. cornuta March). 



Beaked filbert occurs commonly in forest openings along streams or on 

 moist slopes. The flowers appear in the spring before the leaves, the male 

 or staminate in slender drooping catkins similar to those of birch or alder, 

 and the female flowers in tiny bud-like structures. The fruits are nuts simi- 

 lar to the commercial filberts, but with the bracts surrounding the nut pro- 

 longed into a conspicuous beak. They are usually borne in pairs with the 

 beaks pointing opposite each other. The nuts, which are of good flavor, v/ere 

 collected by the Indians and stored for winter use. The Indians of Cali- 

 fornia also used the two- and three-year-old shoots for the ribs of baskets. 13 

 The foliage is browsed by deer and moose. 



Occurrence (C. roilrala). — isle ROYALE, abuudaiit over most of the island, but 

 heavily browsed by moose: Washington Harbor; Lake Richie: Daisy Farm; slopes of 

 Greenstone Ridge. 



Occurrence (Var. calif ornica). — Olympic mount rainier, rare: trail below Narada 

 Falls; single small specimen found near Ohanapecosh Hot Sprmgs. CRATER LAKE, rare 

 at the lower elevations: lower Annie Creek; lower Redblanket canyon; south slope 

 Crescent Ridge. YOSEMITE, occasional: northeast of Alder Creek ranger station; Yo- 

 semite Valley; Mariposa Grove; Moss Creek. SEQU0:A, occasional along streams and 



13 Jepson, W. L., Flora of California, vol. 1 : 350. 1909. 



