102 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 4 



Field Guide to the Species 



Stems herb-like, soft-woody at base; leaves roundish, 1 to 2 inches across; fruits 

 red, composed of only a few drupelets. 



Leaves simple, 3- to 5-lobed, irregularly toothed; berries finely hairy 



1 . R. lasiococcus. 



Leaves palmately divided into 3 to 5 separate leaflets; berries smooth. 

 Leaflets rounded at tips; flowers usually borne singly. 



Flowers usually white; western species 2. R. pedatus. 



Flowers rose-color; eastern species 3. R. arclicus. 



Leaflets pointed at tips; flowers 1 to 3 ; eastern species 4. R. triflorus. 



Stems woody; leaves larger and coarser; fruits red or black, composed of many 

 drupelets. 

 Stems trailing along the ground or climbing over bushes. 



Leaves more or less hairy, mostly divided into 3 separate leaflets (the 

 upper often not divided); stems densely armed with prickles; 

 berries black 5. R. macropelalus. 



Leaves smooth, mostly not divided into separate leaflets; stems sparingly 



armed with prickles; berries red 6. R. nivalis. 



Stems erect or spreading, not trailing along the ground. 



Leaves divided into separate leaflets; stems usually more or less prickly. 



Flowers borne in elongate clusters; berries purple-black when ripe, 

 not separating from central core; species rare in the parks. 



Leaflets dissected into several f>ointed lobes; prickles curved 



7. R. lacinialus. 



Leaflets not dissected; prickles straightish 8. R. frondosus. 



Flowers borne singly or few in flattish clusters; berries black, red, or 

 salmon-colored, separating from central core or receptacle; 

 species common. 

 Flowers dark red or purplish, solitary or few; berries ovoid, '/2 



to nearly 1 inch long, reddish to yellow or salmon- 

 colored; stems unarmed or with only a few weak 



prickles; leaves not white-velvety below 



9. R. speclabilis 



Flowers white, clustered; stems prickly; berries shallowly cup- 

 shaped when separated from receptacle, about '/2 inch 

 across; leaves white-velvcty below. 



Berries black or purple, composed of numerous tiny closely- 

 packed drupelets; prickles of flower-clusters strong- 

 ly flattened and curved; young shoots long and 

 spreading, covered with a conspicuous white bloom 

 10. R. leucodermis. 



Berries red; drupelets larger, fewer and less closely packed; 

 prickles of flower-cluster straight, not flattened; 

 young shoots not conspicuously long and spreading, 

 the bark often reddish 11. R. idaeus vars. 



Leaves simple, 3- to 7-lobed but not divided into separate leaflets; stems 

 not prickly. 



Flowers usually several in a cluster; leaves 3 to 12 inches across; 



fruits bright red, juicy; widespread in the parks 



12. R. parviftorus. 



