Bailey &. Bailey: Woody Plants of National Parks 



119 



States. It ranges from California to British Columbia and east to the Rocky 



Mountains, occurring along the borders of mountain streams and in moist, 



gravelly or sandy soils. It is usually a 



shrub, but in favorable locations it may 



also become a tree. The bushes are 



easily distinguished by the stout, sharp 



thorns, often nearly 1 inch long, and by 



the more or less flat-topped clusters of 



small ill-smelling, white flowers. The 



small apple-like fruits or "haws" were 



dried for winter use by the Indians of 



some regions. The foliage is browsed 



by deer. 



Occurrence. — OLYMPIC: Enchanted Valley 

 near the falls, 2,000 feet. GLACIER, common 

 at low elevations, 3,200 to 4,000 feet: Bel- 

 ton; Lake McDonald; highway above Ava- 

 lanche Camp; Camas Creek; lower end of 

 St. Mary Lake. GRAND TETON : eastern boun- 

 dary, near Moose, 6,600 feet. 



2. FiREBERRY Hawthorn (Cra- 

 taegus chrysocarpa Ashe.). — This is a 

 shrub or dwarf tree found in the Rocky 

 Mountains of Colorado. It occurs on 

 rocky hills in Rocky Mountain National 

 Park but is not very frequent. The 

 species differs from Douglas hawthorn 

 in having longer spines (1 to 2 inches 

 long) and dark red fruits. 



Occurrence. — ROCKY MOUNTAIN, occasional: west of Moraine Park. 



Pig. 54. Douglas hawthorn {Cra- 

 taegus Douglasi) . 



Serviceberry {Amelanchier Medic.) 



The serviceberries are widely distributed in the United States, one or 

 more species occurring Ln each of the western national parks. The shrubs 

 are known by the English name, serviceberry, because of the similarity of 

 the fruits to the European servicetree (Sorbus domesticus), but there are 

 many other names in popular use. The common name, juneberry, is used 

 in many places because the berries ripen in June while on the Atlantic coast 

 the name, shadbush, is popular because the flowers bloom when the shad are 

 running. Other common names are saskatoon, sarvisberry, and pigeonberry. 



The foliage of the serviceberry is considered an excellent browse for deer, 

 elk, and moose, and the fruits are eaten by bears, small mammals, and birds. 

 Indians used the wood for arrow shafts and the fruits were among their most 

 important winter foods. They were collected, dried, and stored, or used 

 fresh in soups and stews. 



