Bailey ac Bailey: Woody Plants of National Parks 161 



ZION, common along streams in the canyons, 4,000 to 4,500 feet: along Virgin River; 

 near Zion Lodge; the Narrows trail. GRAND CANYON, 3,000 to 8,000 feet. North Rim, 

 occasional: Cliff Spring. Canyon: Bright Angel Canyon; Kaibab trail about 2 miles 

 above Phantom Ranch; Roaring Springs; Kaibab trail above Roaring Springs. 



Malpighia Family (Malpighiaceae) 



Slender Janusia {Janusia gracilis Gray) . — A low bushy shrub about 8 

 inches to I1/2 feet high or woody below and with slender straggling, vine-like 

 or twining stems; leaves opposite, narrowly lance-shaped, % to II/4 inches 

 long, thinly hairy on both sides; flowers small, about % inch across; petals 

 small, 5, yellow, turning reddish-brown; fruit composed of 2 or 3 winged 

 seed-like structures about % to ^2 inch long. 



Occurrence. — GRAND CANYON, collected in the canyon north of the Colorado River: 

 Clear Creek trail on the rocky slopes above Bright Angel Creek; Kaibab trail for 

 several miles up Bright Angel canyon. 



Buckthorn Family (Rhamnaceae) 

 Field Guide to the Genera 



Leaves few, small, J, '2 '"ch long or less; stems spiny, soon becoming naked; fruits 



berry-like with one seed; occurs in parks of the Southwest ....CONDALIA, p. 161. 



Leaves usually many, covering the stems, mostly more than '/^ inch long; stems not 

 spiny or some spiny; many species widespread in the parks. 



Flowers inconspicuous, greenish; fruits berry-like, black, 2- to 4-seeded 



rhamnus, p. 161. 



Flowers showy, white, blue or purplish; fruits capsules, 3-celled, 3-seeded, 



mostly becoming brownish CEANOTHUS, p. 165. 



Southwestern Condalia (Condalia lycioides Weber.). — A rigidly- 

 branched shrub with spinose stems, 4 to 6 feet high, the branchlets and spines 

 whitish and minutely hairy; leaves narrow-elliptic, about 1/2 inch long, very 

 short-stalked; flowers tiny, with or without petals, borne in few-flowered clus- 

 ters in the leaf-axils; fruit berry-like, globose, about 1/3 inch in diameter, 

 bluish to black. (Syn. Zizyphus lycioides Gray.) 



This is a desert shrub with straggling very rigid spine-tipped branches. 

 The stems are naked for a considerable part of the year, as the leaves soon 

 fall. The shrub has little value as a browse, but the fruits are eaten by birds. 



Occurrence. — GRAND CANYON: Great Thumb; Shinumo. 



Buckthorn, Cofpeeberry (Rhamnus L.) 



The buckthorns are closely related to some of the species of Ceanothus 

 but are easily distinguished by their inconspicuous greenish flowers and the 

 dark brown or red berry-like fruits. The berries contain 2 to 4 hard seeds 

 similar to coffee beans, hence the common name, coffeeberry. The Pacific 

 coast species, cascara sagrada and California buckthorn, are used medicinally 

 as the source of a common laxative. The bark of cascara sagrada, particularly, 

 is collected for this purpose in considerable quantities in Washington and 

 Oregon. The foliage is browsed to some extent by deer and the berries are 

 eaten by birds and small mammals. 



