168 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 4 



not toothed; flowers white, in small, usually simple clusters about ^2 to 1 1/3 

 inches long. The species is not common, but it is important as a browse 

 plant wherever found. 



Occurrence. — BRYCE CANYON, common on the plateau: near Lodge; Bryce Point; 

 Farview; side road west of Bryce Canyon. ZION, present on plateau. GRAND CANYON, 

 6,500 to 8,500 feet. North Rim, common: Bright Angel Point; McKinnon Point; 

 Walhalla Plateau along road to Cape Royal ; Uncle Jim Pomt. Canyon, on north side 

 of Colorado River a little below the rim. 



6. LiTTLELEAF CeanoTHUS (Ceanothus parvifolius Trel.). — Low, flat- 

 topped shrub, 2 to 4 feet high, with slender, flexible branchlets; leaves alter- 

 nate, oblong, smooth, thin, 1/3 to 1 inch long; flowers blue, borne in short 

 clusters 1/2 to 1 inch long (or sometimes longer) at the ends of slender 

 branches; fruits small, about 1/6 inch in diameter, almost smooth; an ex- 

 cellent browse plant. 



Occurrence. — YOSEMITE, rare, 5,000 to 7,000 feet: near Chinquapin; Wawona; 

 Yosemite Valley; Tuolumne Grove; 3 miles south of Gm Flat; Grouse Creek; Mari- 

 posa Grove. SEQUOIA, 4,000 to 7,000 feet: 1 mile south of Redwood Meadow ranger 

 station; Kern Canyon; Marble Fork Kaweah River; trail to Alta Meadows. 



7. Deerbrush Ceanothus (Ceanothus mtegerrimus H. & A.). — Loose- 

 ly branched shrub usually 3 to 12 feet high with long slender branches and 

 yellowish-green bark; leaves alternate, not toothed, thin, oval, 1 to 4 inches 

 long, with 3 conspicuous main veins, green above, paler below; flowers white, 

 pale blue or pinkish, sweet-scented, borne in more or less branched clusters 

 3 to 6 inches long; fruits small, about ^ inch in diameter, round, faintly 

 3-lobed with an oblong swelling on the back of each lobe. 



This shrub is very common in the ponderosa pine belt of the Sierra 

 Nevada Mountains of California, extending north into Washington. The 

 stumps sprout after cutting or lire, which helps to account for the abundance 

 of the species. The large thin leaves and tender stems make this one of the 

 most important browse plants for deer, hence the common name, deerbrush. 



Occurrence. — CRATER LAKE, rare: lower Red Blanket Canyon. YOSEMITE, common, 

 2,500 to 6,000 feet: Wawona; Crane Creek; mouth of Indian Canyon; near El Por- 

 tal; Yosemite Valley; near foot of Yosemite Falls; near Mirror Lake; Hetch Hetchy 

 Valley. KINGS CANYON: near Sphinx Creek. SEQUOIA, common, 2,500 to 6,500 feet: 

 Colony Mill ranger station; Cliff Creek; River Valley; Ash Mountain; Advance 

 Camp highway; near Redwood Meadow; Clough Cave; Cedar Creek, North Fork 

 Kaweah River; South Fork Kaweah River; Lodgepole campground; Buck Canyon. 



8. Redstem Ceanothus {Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh). — Tall shrub 

 3 to 8 (or 9) feet high with slender, flexible, usually reddish branchlets; 

 leaves elliptic to oval, 11/2 to 3 inches long, thinnish, smooth and green above, 

 paler and slightly hairy below, with 3 main veins, the margins finely and ir- 

 regularly toothed; flowers white, borne in branched clusters 2 to 4 inches long 

 in the leaf-axils of the old stems; capsules small, scarcely 1/6 inch in diameter, 

 shallowly 3-lobed. 



Occurrence. — OLYMPIC: Elwha River north of Wildrose Creek, 2,500 feet; Mount 

 Angeles. MOUNT RAINIER, rare: upper valley of the Nisqually. GLACIER, rare, 3,200 

 feet: Belton Hills; Apgar Peak. 



