208 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 4 



inch long, egg-shaped to oval, roughish above, softly and densely hairy below, 

 the margins toothed; flowers small, white, borne in long slender clusters, 1 to 

 21/2 inches long; corolla 2-lipped; fruit becoming 2 small seed-like nutlets. 



Occurrence. — GRAND CANYON, in the canyon: Clear Creek trail below Phantom 

 Point; Kaibab Trail along switchbacks below Tip-off; Bright Angel Creek about 2 

 miles above Phantom Ranch. 



Mint Family (Menthaceae) 



Desert Sage {Salvia carnosa Dougl.). — Low compact, densely branched 

 shrub, % to 2i/4 feet high; leaves Y^ to Y^ inch long, elliptic to broadly 

 wedge-shaped, tapering towards the base into short slender leaf-stalks, the 

 whole finely white-felty; flowers borne in the axils of reddish-purple leaf-like 

 bracts crowded into dense cushion-like clusters borne at intervals along the 

 upper part of the branches; corolla light violet-blue, tubular, the tube ^4 ^° /^ 

 inch long and divided near the top into two unequal lips, the stamens stand- 

 ing far out from the tube; fruits small, dividing into 4 tiny nutlets. 



Occurrence. — ZION. GRAND CANYON, occasional in the canyon, 3,800 to 6,200 feet; 

 Cedar Ridge near the fossil fern quarry on the Kaibab trail; Bright Angel trail just 

 btlow Indian Gardens. 



Nightshade Family (Solanaceae) 



WOLFBERRY, DeSERT-THORN {Lycium L.) 



Field Gu:de to the Species 



Leaves J/2 to 2 inches long, J/g to '/4 inch wide ; berries globose. 



Flowers large, '/2 to % inch long, trumpet-shapyed ; the corolla lobes not hairy; 



berry dull white to purplish-blue I. L. pallidum. 



Flowers smaller, about ]/2 inch long; the corolla lobes with hairy margins; berry 



red 2. L. Torrent. 



Leaves J/j to I/2 inch long, linear-spatula-shaped, thick and fleshy; berry elliptic, 



yellow to red 3. L. AnJersom. 



L Pale Wolfberry (Lycium pallidum Miers), fig. 125. — Widely 

 spreading shrub 11/2 to 3 feet high with stout thorny branchlets; leaves smooth 

 or very finely hairy, whitish, egg-shaped to elliptic or oblong, rounded at tips 

 and tapering to base, 1 to 2 inches long, tending to be clustered at the joints 

 of the stems; flowers broadly funnel-shaped, about ^2 to % inch long, pale 

 greenish or yellowish or tinged with purple, usually borne singly in the leaf- 

 axils and hanging from the underside of the stems; berries globose, 1/3 to 1/2 

 inch in diameter, white to purplish with a bloom. 



The berries were eaten by the American Indians and are much relished 

 by birds and small mammals. In some regions the herbage is browsed to a 

 considerable extent in spite of the thorns. The stumps sprout readily when 

 the stems are cut down, often forming thickets. 



Occurrence. — mesa VERDE: near Far View House. ziON : hill above Coalpits Wash, 

 near west entrance, 4,000 feet. GRAND CANYON, on the South Rim : Pasture Wash. 



2. Torrey Wolfberry, Squaw Desert-thorn {Lycium Toneyi 



