210 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 4 



true of many desert plants, and the developing fruits, which are quite juicy 



when ripe, quickly deplete this supply. 



Occurrence. — GRAND CANYON, commcn in the canyon on the Tonto, about 4,000 

 feet: Hermit trail; Kaibab trail on both sides of the Colorado River; Bright Angel 

 trail below Indian Gardens. 



FiGWORT Family (Scrophulariaceae) 

 Field Guide to the Genera 



Leaves sticky-glutinous above; flowers yellowish salmon-color; found in Sequoia 



National Park DIPLACUS, p. 210. 



Leaves not sitcky-glutinous; flowers blue, purple, red, whitish, or yellowish; wide- 

 spread in the parks PENSTEMON, p. 210. 



Bush Monkeyflower (Diplacus longiflorus Nutt. var. calycinus Jep- 

 son) .- — Widely branched shrub 1 to 3 feet high; young stems and flower 

 stalks white-woolly with sticky-glandular hairs; leaves broadly lance-shaped 

 to oblong-egg-shaped, 1 to 3 inches long, yellowish-green, sticky-glutinous 

 above, hairy below, the margins not toothed or slightly toothed; flowers li^ 

 to 2% inches long, the corolla yellowish salmon-color, tubular, the tube slender 

 below and expanding into a broad throat, the lobes 2-lipped; calyx 5-angled, 

 cylindric; capsule oblong, about % inch long, 2-valved, many-seeded. 



Occurrence. — sequoia. 



Penstemon, Beardtongue (Penstemon Mitch.) 



The name, Penstemon, is derived from the Greek pente, five, and stemon, 

 stamen. Ordinarily in this genus there are four pollen-bearing stamens and 

 a fifth sterile stamen which is merely a stalk or filament without an anther. 

 This is sometimes bearded on the end, hence the common name, beardtongue. 

 The broadly tubular or funnel-shaped corolla is 2-lipped as in the flowers of 

 a snapdragon except that the throat is not closed. The oblong, 2-valved, 

 many-seeded capsules sometimes remain attached to the dried stems all winter. 

 The flowers are among the most attractive in the western national parks 

 and many species are cultivated as ornamentals. Only a few species are truly 

 shrubby but several of the woody-based species are considered here also. 



Field Guide to the Species 



Leaves oblong, oblong-lance-shaped or spatula-shaped to egg-shaped or roundish. 



Flowers % to J/2 inch long, yellowish to whitish or tinged with pink or purple; 

 sterile filament not bearded; anthers not woolly. 



Flower-clusters unbranched, spike-like; leaves egg-shaped to oblong, '/4 to 



% inch long, somewhat heart-shaped at base I. P. Rolhroc}(i. 



Flower-clusters loosely branched ; leaves oblong to narrowly lance-shaped, 



!/2 to 2 inches long, not heart-shaped at base 2. P. breviflorus. 



Flowers % to 1 J/2 inches long, purple-blue or red; sterile filament bearded or 

 not bearded; anthers woolly or not woolly. 



Leaves narrowly elliptic to broadly egg-shaped or roundish, J/4 to IJ/4 inches 

 long; anthers densely woolly; sterile filament bearded or not. 



