Bailey & Bailey: Woody Plants of National Parks 



225 



Creek. GLACIER, occasional, 3,500 to 4,500 feet: Kintla Lake; Avalanche Lake; Mc- 

 Donald Valley below Avalanche Creek; along trail at upper end of St. Mary Lake. 

 ROCKY MOUNTAIN, rare: East Inlet, above Grand Lake and below Mount Wescotl, 

 9,000 feet. ISLE ROYALE, common in moist places: Mott Island; Passage Island. 



3. American Cranberrybush Viburnum {Viburnum trilobum 

 Marsh), fig. 139. — Erect shrub up to 12 feet high, with smooth grayish 

 branches; leaves opposite, broadly 

 egg-shaped, 2 to 5 inches long, 

 3-lobed, the margins toothed, or 

 sometimes the middle lobe elon- 

 gated and not toothed, smooth 

 above, nearly smooth below or 

 hairy only on the veins, the leaf- 

 stalks usually with stalked glands; 

 flower-clusters showy, flat-topped, 

 2i/2 to 4 inches across, borne on 

 short stalks; flowers white, the 

 inner small and seed-producing, 

 the outer marginal row enlarged 

 and sterile; fruits globose or 

 short-ellipsoid, red, about 1/3 inch 

 long. (Syns. V. americanum 

 Auth., not Mill.; V. opulus Am. 

 auth., not L.).46 



Occurrence. — isLE RCiALE, occa- 

 sional along streams and lake margins: 

 Daisy Farm; islands m Lake Desor; 

 flood plain of Washington River. 



Fig. 139. American cranberry viburnum 

 {Viburnum trilobum). 



Elder {Sambucus L.) 



The elderberries are common shrubs in the western national parks, one 

 or more species being found in each park. The plants favor moist locations 

 along streams or moist slopes in open forests. The genus is easily recognized 

 by the opposite leaves which are divided into separate leaflets, and by the 

 dense clusters of small whitish flowers or dark blue or red berries at the 

 ends of the branches. The berries of the blue- or black-fruited species are 

 edible and are often gathered in great quantities for making pies and jellies 

 or for elderberry wine. The berries of the red-fruited species are reputed to 

 be poisonous, but are eaten by birds, small mammals, and bears. Indians 

 made a decoction of the flowers to be used as a lotion and as an antiseptic 

 wash. The inner bark yields a strong emetic. 4''' The foliage furnishes good 

 browse for deer and elk, especially in the Fall. 



46 Rehder, Alfred, Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North Amer- 

 ica; second edition, revised and enlarged, p. 842. 1940. 



47 Range Plant Handbook B 144: United Stales Department of Agriculture, 

 Forest Service, 1937. 



