Bailey &. Bailey: Woody Plants of National Parks 231 



Field Guide to the Species 



Leaves mostly twice-divided along the sides into very narrow or linear segments; 



plants 1/3 to l'/2 feet high, sometimes herb-like .1. A. frigida. 



Leaves not divided nor toothed, or, if so, cleft or toothed at the tips. 



Leaves more or less wedge-shaped, mostly toothed or cleft at the tips, but not 

 usually divided more than half. 



Flower heads with only 2 to 4 flowers; leaves 1/3 to 1 inch long, toothed 



or untoothed; found at Grand Canyon National Park 



2. A. Digelovi 



Flower heads, 3- to 20-flowered; leaves 3- to 5-toothed at the tips, 2/3 to 



2 inches long 3. A. tridentaia. 



Leaves or leaf-segments linear cr filiform, '/2 to 3J/2 inches long, rarely with 1 

 or 2 irregular teeth in A. cana ; plants 1 to 4 feet high. 



Leaves often divided their length into linear divisions; flowers 3 to 9 in a 



head 4. A. filifoUa. 



Leaves mostly not toothed nor divided; flowers 6 to 15 in a head 



- 5. A. cana. 



\. Fringed Sagebrush {Artemisia frigida Willd.).— A low shrub about 

 1/3 to 2 feet high (often herb-like) ; stems freely branching from the base, 

 spreading below, with erect annual branches; herbage very fragrant; leaves 

 silvery hairy, about 1/2 to % inch long, deeply twice divided into linear lobes 

 so as to appear fringed around the edges; flower heads rather conspicuous, 

 broad and flattish, brownish or yellowish, nodding, borne in narrow somewhat 

 leafy clusters 4 to 12 inches long (or much dwarfed). 



This is one of the most widespread species of sagebrush in our western 

 parks. The scientific name frigida, refers to the frigid regions of eastern 

 Siberia where the plant was first discovered. In the Rocky Mountain region 

 it ranges from semi-desert valleys up to 11,000 feet and is one of the important 

 sources of wintei feed for elk in the Jackson Hole country of Wyoming. 

 This plant was used by the Indians and early pioneers in decoctions for the 

 treatment of colds or as a mild cathartic. The Blackfeet Indians^ '^ chewed 

 the leaves as a remedy for heartburn. 



Occurrence. — GLACIER, rare: rocky flats about St. Mary Lake; Glacier Park station. 

 YELLOWSTONE, abundant, up to 8,000 feet: Tower Falls; Mammoth; Upper Geyser 

 Basin; Old Faithful. GRAND TETON, common. ROCKY MOUNTAIN, abundant: in rocky 

 ground throughout the park. MESA VERDE: Morfield Canyon, 7,500 feet. BRYCE CANYON, 

 occasional: checking station, 7,500 feet; White Man's Springs. GRAND CANYON, rare on 

 the North Rim on rocky points; Point Sublime; Point Imperial. 



2. BiGELow Sagebrush, Slender Sagebrush (Artemis'a Bigelovi 

 Gray.). — A low shrub commonly 2/3 to 1 1/3 feet high with a faintly pleas- 

 ant odor; stems many, spreading below, with numerous slender erect flowering 

 branches; leaves silvery hairy, narrowly wedge-shaped, tapering to a narrow 

 base, 1/3 to 1 inch long, sharply 3-toothed at the tip, or many without teeth; 

 flowers yellow, 2 to 4 in a head, the heads borne in long narrow clusters with 



48 Standley, P. C, Flora of Glacier Park: Contributions from the United States 

 National Herbarium, vol. 22, pi. 5, p. 433. 1921. 



