246 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 4 



many from a branched woody base, often forming mats; leaves broadly re- 

 verse-lance-shaped, 1/3 to ly2 inches long, densely crowded near the base, 

 becoming smaller and less crowded above until the stems are naked below 

 the flower heads; heads usually borne singly at the ends of the branchlets, the 

 involucres about 1/3 inch high and rounded at the base; bracts of involucre 

 in 3 series, the outer shorter than the inner, more or less egg-shaped or nar- 

 rowly so, tapering to a point at the tip, usually papery, sometimes greenish; 

 petal-like ray flowers about 6 to 15; achenes more or less 4-angled, slighdy 

 tapering to the base, usually smooth or sometimes silky-hairy; pappus bristles 

 soft and white or pale brownish. (Syn. Stenotus falcatus Rydb.). 

 Occurrence. — Yellowstone: Mammoth Hot Springs. 



5. Dwarf Goldenweed {Aplopappus armer'.oides (Nutt.) Gray). — 

 Low, scarcely shrubby plant 4 to 8 inches high, the stems arising from a 

 woody base; leaves mostly basal, linear-spatula-shaped, tapering to the base, 

 pointed at the tip, 1^4 to 3 inches long, 3 -nerved, smooth but sometimes 

 resinous; flower heads large, the involucres broadly bell-shaped, about % to 1/2 

 inch high and about as broad; involucral bracts overlapping in 3 or 4 series, 

 broadly oblong to oval, smooth and slightly glutinous, pale, the blunt tips 

 greenish; petal-like ray flowers 8 to 15, about 1/2 inch long; seed-like achenes 

 flattened, about 4^2 mm. long, densely silky hairy; pappus bristles soft, white, 

 abundant. (Syn. Stenotus armerio.des Nutt.) 



Occurrence. — MESA VERDE. BRYCE CANYON. 



6. Whitestem Goldenweed {Aplopappus macronema Gray). — Low 

 round-topped shrub ^2 to 1^/2 f^^t high with numerous short clustered 

 branchlets; twigs densely white-woolly, the wool becoming thinner or alto- 

 gether lacking near the heads, then somewhat glandular; leaves oblong, pointed 

 at the tips, 1/3 to 1 1/3 inches long, glandular, linear and somewhat white- 

 woolly in var. linearis (Rydb.) Hall; heads borne singly or several at or 

 near the ends of the branchlets; involucre 1/3 to 1/2 inch high, the bracts 

 oblong to lance-shaped, pointed, papery or the outer green herbaceous, all 

 exposed parts glandular or woolly; petal-like ray flowers lacking; achenes 

 densely hairy; pappus bristles soft, dull white. (Syns. H. discoideus Gray, 

 Macronema discoidea Nutt.) 



Occurrence. — YOSEMITE, 8,000 to 11,000 feet: Half Dome; summit of Cloud's 

 Rest; Mount Dana; above Fletcher Lake. KINGS CANYON: Harrison Pass frail. SE- 

 QUOIA, 10,000 to 12,000 feet: Siberian Pass. YELLOWSTONE (var. linearis): Yellow- 

 stone Lake. GRAND TETON (var. linearis). 



7. Singlehead Goldenweed (Aplopappus siiffruticosus (Nutt.) 

 Gray). — Low, broad bush, ^2 to 11/2 f^et high, with many branches from a 

 woody base; bark at first green, becoming brown or reddish, at first smooth, 

 becoming scaly in the older stems; twigs somewhat glandular-hairy especially 

 near the heads; leaves oblong (or linear in var. tenuis), ^ to 1^/^ inches long, 

 finely glandular; flower heads borne singly or in groups at the ends of the 

 stems which are leafy to the tips; involucre usually about 1/3 inch high with 

 the bracts all about the same length, oblong (or linear in var. tenuis), green. 



