50 American Midland Naturalist Monograph No. 3 



Tribe Anophelini 



The tribe Anophelini consists of three recognized genera: Genus Chagasia, 

 found in Central and South America; genus Bironella, found in New Guinea 

 and nearby islands; and genus Anopheles, which is worldwide in its 

 distribution. 



SALIENT characters. — Adult: Palpi long in both sexes except in the 

 genus Bironella; the two terminal segments clavate in the male. Scutellum 

 rounded posteriorly and with marginal hairs arranged in an unbroken row 

 except in genus Chagasia which has the scutellum trilobed. Abdomen either 

 without scales or with loosely applied scales; the stemites, at least, are largely 

 bare in scaly species. Wings usually with distinct markings. While the adult 

 is in the resting position, the proboscis, thorax and abdomen are held nearly 

 in a straight line. Larva: While feeding, the head can be rotated through an 

 arc of 180° so that the ventral side is uppermost. Most of the larger hairs 

 of the body are pinnately branched. The thorax has a pair of notched organs 

 of Nuttall and Shipley. The eighth abdominal segment lacks a dorsal respira- 

 tory siphon. Many of the abdominal segments, and the thorax in some 

 species, bear palmate hairs on the dorsal surface. 



Genus Anopheles Meigen^ 



Anopheles Meigen, 1818, Sys. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins. 1:10. 



Edwards (55) divides the genus Anopheles into four subgenera, based 

 largely on characters of the male terminalia: Anopheles, distributed through- 

 out the Old and New World; Nyssorhynchus, found in the southern United 

 States, Central and South America; Stethomyia, known from Central and 

 South Arnerica; and Myzomyia, distributed throughout the tropical and sub- 

 tropical regions of the Old World. Two subgenera, Anopheles and Nysso- 

 rhynchus, are represented in the Anopheline fauna of the United States. 



The adult and larval characters given for the tribe Anophelini are appli- 

 cable in general to the genus Anopheles. Important characters of the male 

 terminalia are as follows: Phallosome tubular, tip bare or with one or more 

 pairs of leaflets. Claspette usually bilobed, forming a dorsal and a ventral 

 lobe. Basistyle cylindrical, conically tapered towards tip, the basal and apical 

 lobes absent. The basistyle may bear parabasal spines, accessory spines, and 

 internal spines. The subgenus Anopheles has two parabasal spines, no acces- 

 sory spines and one internal spine. The subgenus Nyssorhynchus has o"e 

 parabasal spine, two accessory spines and a single internal spine. The dis- 

 tistyle is long, curved, and not swollen medially. 



Keys to the Species 

 adult female 



1. Wings with areas of pale scales 2 



Wings entirely dark scaled ' 



2. Tarsi, particularly on hind legs, with conspicuous white bands; costa with four or 



more spots of pale scales albimanus Wied., p. 80 



1 Consult Dyar (1928) and Edwards (1932) for synonyms. 



